New estimates of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent during September 1964 from recovered Nimbus I satellite imagery
Visible satellite imagery from the 1964 Nimbus I satellite has been recovered, digitized, and processed to estimate Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent for September 1964. September is the month when the Arctic sea ice reaches its minimum annual extent and the Antarctic sea ice reaches its maximum....
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7d8046d579c7459b9ec327a36df9a0ff 2023-05-15T13:52:49+02:00 New estimates of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent during September 1964 from recovered Nimbus I satellite imagery W. N. Meier D. Gallaher G. G. Campbell 2013-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-699-2013 https://doaj.org/article/7d8046d579c7459b9ec327a36df9a0ff EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.the-cryosphere.net/7/699/2013/tc-7-699-2013.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-7-699-2013 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/7d8046d579c7459b9ec327a36df9a0ff The Cryosphere, Vol 7, Iss 2, Pp 699-705 (2013) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2013 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-699-2013 2022-12-31T02:06:55Z Visible satellite imagery from the 1964 Nimbus I satellite has been recovered, digitized, and processed to estimate Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent for September 1964. September is the month when the Arctic sea ice reaches its minimum annual extent and the Antarctic sea ice reaches its maximum. Images from a three-week period were manually analyzed to estimate the location of the ice edge and then composited to obtain a hemispheric estimate. Uncertainties were based on limitations in the image analysis and the variation of the ice cover over the three-week period. The 1964 Antarctic extent is higher than estimates from the 1979–present passive microwave record, but is in accord with previous indications of higher extents during the 1960s. The Arctic 1964 extent is near the 1979–2000 average from the passive microwave record, suggesting relatively stable summer extents during the 1960s and 1970s preceding the downward trend since 1979 and particularly the large decrease in the last decade. These early satellite data put the recently observed record into a longer-term context. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Sea ice The Cryosphere Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Antarctic The Antarctic The Cryosphere 7 2 699 705 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 W. N. Meier D. Gallaher G. G. Campbell New estimates of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent during September 1964 from recovered Nimbus I satellite imagery |
topic_facet |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Visible satellite imagery from the 1964 Nimbus I satellite has been recovered, digitized, and processed to estimate Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent for September 1964. September is the month when the Arctic sea ice reaches its minimum annual extent and the Antarctic sea ice reaches its maximum. Images from a three-week period were manually analyzed to estimate the location of the ice edge and then composited to obtain a hemispheric estimate. Uncertainties were based on limitations in the image analysis and the variation of the ice cover over the three-week period. The 1964 Antarctic extent is higher than estimates from the 1979–present passive microwave record, but is in accord with previous indications of higher extents during the 1960s. The Arctic 1964 extent is near the 1979–2000 average from the passive microwave record, suggesting relatively stable summer extents during the 1960s and 1970s preceding the downward trend since 1979 and particularly the large decrease in the last decade. These early satellite data put the recently observed record into a longer-term context. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
W. N. Meier D. Gallaher G. G. Campbell |
author_facet |
W. N. Meier D. Gallaher G. G. Campbell |
author_sort |
W. N. Meier |
title |
New estimates of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent during September 1964 from recovered Nimbus I satellite imagery |
title_short |
New estimates of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent during September 1964 from recovered Nimbus I satellite imagery |
title_full |
New estimates of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent during September 1964 from recovered Nimbus I satellite imagery |
title_fullStr |
New estimates of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent during September 1964 from recovered Nimbus I satellite imagery |
title_full_unstemmed |
New estimates of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent during September 1964 from recovered Nimbus I satellite imagery |
title_sort |
new estimates of arctic and antarctic sea ice extent during september 1964 from recovered nimbus i satellite imagery |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-699-2013 https://doaj.org/article/7d8046d579c7459b9ec327a36df9a0ff |
geographic |
Arctic Antarctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Antarctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Sea ice The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Sea ice The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 7, Iss 2, Pp 699-705 (2013) |
op_relation |
http://www.the-cryosphere.net/7/699/2013/tc-7-699-2013.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-7-699-2013 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/7d8046d579c7459b9ec327a36df9a0ff |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-699-2013 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
7 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
699 |
op_container_end_page |
705 |
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1766257564754903040 |