Preclinical evaluation of caprylic acid-fractionated IgG antivenom for the treatment of Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) envenoming in Papua New Guinea.
Snake bite is a common medical emergency in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The taipan, Oxyuranus scutellatus, inflicts a large number of bites that, in the absence of antivenom therapy, result in high mortality. Parenteral administration of antivenoms manufactured in Australia is the current treatment of c...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7d6aac9996934b1e8f4b5f6442bd77cf 2023-05-15T15:16:29+02:00 Preclinical evaluation of caprylic acid-fractionated IgG antivenom for the treatment of Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) envenoming in Papua New Guinea. Mariángela Vargas Alvaro Segura María Herrera Mauren Villalta Ricardo Estrada Maykel Cerdas Owen Paiva Teatulohi Matainaho Simon D Jensen Kenneth D Winkel Guillermo León José María Gutiérrez David J Williams 2011-05-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001144 https://doaj.org/article/7d6aac9996934b1e8f4b5f6442bd77cf EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3096592?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001144 https://doaj.org/article/7d6aac9996934b1e8f4b5f6442bd77cf PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 5, Iss 5, p e1144 (2011) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2011 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001144 2022-12-31T05:10:52Z Snake bite is a common medical emergency in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The taipan, Oxyuranus scutellatus, inflicts a large number of bites that, in the absence of antivenom therapy, result in high mortality. Parenteral administration of antivenoms manufactured in Australia is the current treatment of choice for these envenomings. However, the price of these products is high and has increased over the last 25 years; consequently the country can no longer afford all the antivenom it needs. This situation prompted an international collaborative project aimed at generating a new, low-cost antivenom against O. scutellatus for PNG.A new monospecific equine whole IgG antivenom, obtained by caprylic acid fractionation of plasma, was prepared by immunising horses with the venom of O. scutellatus from PNG. This antivenom was compared with the currently used F(ab')(2) monospecific taipan antivenom manufactured by CSL Limited, Australia. The comparison included physicochemical properties and the preclinical assessment of the neutralisation of lethal neurotoxicity and the myotoxic, coagulant and phospholipase A(2) activities of the venom of O. scutellatus from PNG. The F(ab')(2) antivenom had a higher protein concentration than whole IgG antivenom. Both antivenoms effectively neutralised, and had similar potency, against the lethal neurotoxic effect (both by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes of injection), myotoxicity, and phospholipase A(2) activity of O. scutellatus venom. However, the whole IgG antivenom showed a higher potency than the F(ab')(2) antivenom in the neutralisation of the coagulant activity of O. scutellatus venom from PNG.The new whole IgG taipan antivenom described in this study compares favourably with the currently used F(ab')(2) antivenom, both in terms of physicochemical characteristics and neutralising potency. Therefore, it should be considered as a promising low-cost candidate for the treatment of envenomings by O. scutellatus in PNG, and is ready to be tested in clinical trials. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 5 5 e1144 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Mariángela Vargas Alvaro Segura María Herrera Mauren Villalta Ricardo Estrada Maykel Cerdas Owen Paiva Teatulohi Matainaho Simon D Jensen Kenneth D Winkel Guillermo León José María Gutiérrez David J Williams Preclinical evaluation of caprylic acid-fractionated IgG antivenom for the treatment of Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) envenoming in Papua New Guinea. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Snake bite is a common medical emergency in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The taipan, Oxyuranus scutellatus, inflicts a large number of bites that, in the absence of antivenom therapy, result in high mortality. Parenteral administration of antivenoms manufactured in Australia is the current treatment of choice for these envenomings. However, the price of these products is high and has increased over the last 25 years; consequently the country can no longer afford all the antivenom it needs. This situation prompted an international collaborative project aimed at generating a new, low-cost antivenom against O. scutellatus for PNG.A new monospecific equine whole IgG antivenom, obtained by caprylic acid fractionation of plasma, was prepared by immunising horses with the venom of O. scutellatus from PNG. This antivenom was compared with the currently used F(ab')(2) monospecific taipan antivenom manufactured by CSL Limited, Australia. The comparison included physicochemical properties and the preclinical assessment of the neutralisation of lethal neurotoxicity and the myotoxic, coagulant and phospholipase A(2) activities of the venom of O. scutellatus from PNG. The F(ab')(2) antivenom had a higher protein concentration than whole IgG antivenom. Both antivenoms effectively neutralised, and had similar potency, against the lethal neurotoxic effect (both by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes of injection), myotoxicity, and phospholipase A(2) activity of O. scutellatus venom. However, the whole IgG antivenom showed a higher potency than the F(ab')(2) antivenom in the neutralisation of the coagulant activity of O. scutellatus venom from PNG.The new whole IgG taipan antivenom described in this study compares favourably with the currently used F(ab')(2) antivenom, both in terms of physicochemical characteristics and neutralising potency. Therefore, it should be considered as a promising low-cost candidate for the treatment of envenomings by O. scutellatus in PNG, and is ready to be tested in clinical trials. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Mariángela Vargas Alvaro Segura María Herrera Mauren Villalta Ricardo Estrada Maykel Cerdas Owen Paiva Teatulohi Matainaho Simon D Jensen Kenneth D Winkel Guillermo León José María Gutiérrez David J Williams |
author_facet |
Mariángela Vargas Alvaro Segura María Herrera Mauren Villalta Ricardo Estrada Maykel Cerdas Owen Paiva Teatulohi Matainaho Simon D Jensen Kenneth D Winkel Guillermo León José María Gutiérrez David J Williams |
author_sort |
Mariángela Vargas |
title |
Preclinical evaluation of caprylic acid-fractionated IgG antivenom for the treatment of Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) envenoming in Papua New Guinea. |
title_short |
Preclinical evaluation of caprylic acid-fractionated IgG antivenom for the treatment of Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) envenoming in Papua New Guinea. |
title_full |
Preclinical evaluation of caprylic acid-fractionated IgG antivenom for the treatment of Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) envenoming in Papua New Guinea. |
title_fullStr |
Preclinical evaluation of caprylic acid-fractionated IgG antivenom for the treatment of Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) envenoming in Papua New Guinea. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Preclinical evaluation of caprylic acid-fractionated IgG antivenom for the treatment of Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) envenoming in Papua New Guinea. |
title_sort |
preclinical evaluation of caprylic acid-fractionated igg antivenom for the treatment of taipan (oxyuranus scutellatus) envenoming in papua new guinea. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001144 https://doaj.org/article/7d6aac9996934b1e8f4b5f6442bd77cf |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 5, Iss 5, p e1144 (2011) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3096592?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001144 https://doaj.org/article/7d6aac9996934b1e8f4b5f6442bd77cf |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001144 |
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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
5 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
e1144 |
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1766346776156045312 |