Gaps in protection: the actual challenge in malaria elimination
Abstract Progress in reducing both malaria cases and deaths has stalled with regression seen in many geographies. While significant attention is given to the contributing challenges of drug and insecticide resistance, ‘residual’ malaria is often diminished to transmission resulting from outdoor-biti...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7cdfe0360af444b6aa8365f45181a0be 2023-05-15T15:11:56+02:00 Gaps in protection: the actual challenge in malaria elimination Krijn P. Paaijmans Neil F. Lobo 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04473-x https://doaj.org/article/7cdfe0360af444b6aa8365f45181a0be EN eng BMC https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04473-x https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-023-04473-x 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/7cdfe0360af444b6aa8365f45181a0be Malaria Journal, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-4 (2023) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04473-x 2023-02-19T01:47:53Z Abstract Progress in reducing both malaria cases and deaths has stalled with regression seen in many geographies. While significant attention is given to the contributing challenges of drug and insecticide resistance, ‘residual’ malaria is often diminished to transmission resulting from outdoor-biting or zoophagic/opportunistic mosquito vectors. These specific vector bionomic traits are only part of the problem, as residual transmission may be driven by (a combination of) (1) sub-optimal intervention coverage, quality, acceptance, and/or usage, (2) drug resistance, (3) insecticide resistance, (4) refractory, resistant and adaptive vector and human behaviours that lower intervention effectiveness, (5) lack of, limited access to, and/or willingness to use healthcare systems, (6) diagnostic sensitivity along with the parallel issue of hrp2/3 mutations, (7) (inter)national policy, (8) the research and development pipeline, and (9) external factors such as natural disasters and conflict zones. Towards combating the minimization of this extensive and multipronged issue among the scientific community, funding agencies, and public health officials responsible for guiding or developing malaria programmes, an alternative way of describing this transmission is proposed by focusing in on the causative ‘gaps in protection’. Defining and wording it as such zeros in on the drivers that result in the observed remaining (or increasing) transmission, allowing the malaria community to focus on solutions by identifying the actual causes. Outlining, defining and quantifying the gaps in protection for a given system is of utmost importance to understand what needs to be done, differentiating what can be done versus what cannot be tackled at that moment, along with delineating the technical and financial capacity required. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 22 1 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Krijn P. Paaijmans Neil F. Lobo Gaps in protection: the actual challenge in malaria elimination |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Progress in reducing both malaria cases and deaths has stalled with regression seen in many geographies. While significant attention is given to the contributing challenges of drug and insecticide resistance, ‘residual’ malaria is often diminished to transmission resulting from outdoor-biting or zoophagic/opportunistic mosquito vectors. These specific vector bionomic traits are only part of the problem, as residual transmission may be driven by (a combination of) (1) sub-optimal intervention coverage, quality, acceptance, and/or usage, (2) drug resistance, (3) insecticide resistance, (4) refractory, resistant and adaptive vector and human behaviours that lower intervention effectiveness, (5) lack of, limited access to, and/or willingness to use healthcare systems, (6) diagnostic sensitivity along with the parallel issue of hrp2/3 mutations, (7) (inter)national policy, (8) the research and development pipeline, and (9) external factors such as natural disasters and conflict zones. Towards combating the minimization of this extensive and multipronged issue among the scientific community, funding agencies, and public health officials responsible for guiding or developing malaria programmes, an alternative way of describing this transmission is proposed by focusing in on the causative ‘gaps in protection’. Defining and wording it as such zeros in on the drivers that result in the observed remaining (or increasing) transmission, allowing the malaria community to focus on solutions by identifying the actual causes. Outlining, defining and quantifying the gaps in protection for a given system is of utmost importance to understand what needs to be done, differentiating what can be done versus what cannot be tackled at that moment, along with delineating the technical and financial capacity required. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Krijn P. Paaijmans Neil F. Lobo |
author_facet |
Krijn P. Paaijmans Neil F. Lobo |
author_sort |
Krijn P. Paaijmans |
title |
Gaps in protection: the actual challenge in malaria elimination |
title_short |
Gaps in protection: the actual challenge in malaria elimination |
title_full |
Gaps in protection: the actual challenge in malaria elimination |
title_fullStr |
Gaps in protection: the actual challenge in malaria elimination |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gaps in protection: the actual challenge in malaria elimination |
title_sort |
gaps in protection: the actual challenge in malaria elimination |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04473-x https://doaj.org/article/7cdfe0360af444b6aa8365f45181a0be |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-4 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04473-x https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-023-04473-x 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/7cdfe0360af444b6aa8365f45181a0be |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04473-x |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
22 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766342711140417536 |