biospheremetrics v1.0.2: an R package to calculate two complementary terrestrial biosphere integrity indicators – human colonization of the biosphere (BioCol) and risk of ecosystem destabilization (EcoRisk)
Ecosystems are under multiple stressors, and impacts can be measured with multiple variables. Humans have altered mass and energy flows of basically all ecosystems on Earth towards dangerous levels. However, integrating the data and synthesizing conclusions is becoming more and more complicated. Her...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3235-2024 https://doaj.org/article/7c5df3f1ace643eabab27878dfb45a9f |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7c5df3f1ace643eabab27878dfb45a9f 2024-09-15T18:02:34+00:00 biospheremetrics v1.0.2: an R package to calculate two complementary terrestrial biosphere integrity indicators – human colonization of the biosphere (BioCol) and risk of ecosystem destabilization (EcoRisk) F. Stenzel J. Braun J. Breier K. Erb D. Gerten J. Heinke S. Matej S. Ostberg S. Schaphoff W. Lucht 2024-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3235-2024 https://doaj.org/article/7c5df3f1ace643eabab27878dfb45a9f EN eng Copernicus Publications https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/17/3235/2024/gmd-17-3235-2024.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1991-959X https://doaj.org/toc/1991-9603 doi:10.5194/gmd-17-3235-2024 1991-959X 1991-9603 https://doaj.org/article/7c5df3f1ace643eabab27878dfb45a9f Geoscientific Model Development, Vol 17, Pp 3235-3258 (2024) Geology QE1-996.5 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3235-2024 2024-08-05T17:49:32Z Ecosystems are under multiple stressors, and impacts can be measured with multiple variables. Humans have altered mass and energy flows of basically all ecosystems on Earth towards dangerous levels. However, integrating the data and synthesizing conclusions is becoming more and more complicated. Here we present an automated and easy-to-apply R package to assess terrestrial biosphere integrity that combines two complementary metrics. (i) The BioCol metric that quantifies the human colonization pressure exerted on the biosphere through alteration and extraction (appropriation) of net primary productivity. (ii) The EcoRisk metric that quantifies biogeochemical and vegetation structural changes as a proxy for the risk of ecosystem destabilization. Applied to simulations with the dynamic global vegetation model LPJmL5 for 1500–2016, we find that large regions presently (period 2007–2016) show modification and extraction of >20 % of the preindustrial potential net primary production. The modification (degradation) of net primary production (NPP) as a result of land use change and extraction in terms of biomass removal (e.g., from harvest) leads to drastic alterations in key ecosystem properties, which suggests a high risk of ecosystem destabilization. As a consequence of these dynamics, EcoRisk shows particularly high values in regions with intense land use and deforestation and in regions prone to impacts of climate change, such as the Arctic and boreal zone. The metrics presented here enable spatially explicit global-scale evaluation of historical and future states of the biosphere and are designed for use by the wider scientific community, being applicable not only to assessing biosphere integrity but also to benchmarking model performance. The package will be maintained on GitHub and through that we encourage its future application to other models and data sets. Article in Journal/Newspaper Climate change Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Geoscientific Model Development 17 8 3235 3258 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
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English |
topic |
Geology QE1-996.5 |
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Geology QE1-996.5 F. Stenzel J. Braun J. Breier K. Erb D. Gerten J. Heinke S. Matej S. Ostberg S. Schaphoff W. Lucht biospheremetrics v1.0.2: an R package to calculate two complementary terrestrial biosphere integrity indicators – human colonization of the biosphere (BioCol) and risk of ecosystem destabilization (EcoRisk) |
topic_facet |
Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Ecosystems are under multiple stressors, and impacts can be measured with multiple variables. Humans have altered mass and energy flows of basically all ecosystems on Earth towards dangerous levels. However, integrating the data and synthesizing conclusions is becoming more and more complicated. Here we present an automated and easy-to-apply R package to assess terrestrial biosphere integrity that combines two complementary metrics. (i) The BioCol metric that quantifies the human colonization pressure exerted on the biosphere through alteration and extraction (appropriation) of net primary productivity. (ii) The EcoRisk metric that quantifies biogeochemical and vegetation structural changes as a proxy for the risk of ecosystem destabilization. Applied to simulations with the dynamic global vegetation model LPJmL5 for 1500–2016, we find that large regions presently (period 2007–2016) show modification and extraction of >20 % of the preindustrial potential net primary production. The modification (degradation) of net primary production (NPP) as a result of land use change and extraction in terms of biomass removal (e.g., from harvest) leads to drastic alterations in key ecosystem properties, which suggests a high risk of ecosystem destabilization. As a consequence of these dynamics, EcoRisk shows particularly high values in regions with intense land use and deforestation and in regions prone to impacts of climate change, such as the Arctic and boreal zone. The metrics presented here enable spatially explicit global-scale evaluation of historical and future states of the biosphere and are designed for use by the wider scientific community, being applicable not only to assessing biosphere integrity but also to benchmarking model performance. The package will be maintained on GitHub and through that we encourage its future application to other models and data sets. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
F. Stenzel J. Braun J. Breier K. Erb D. Gerten J. Heinke S. Matej S. Ostberg S. Schaphoff W. Lucht |
author_facet |
F. Stenzel J. Braun J. Breier K. Erb D. Gerten J. Heinke S. Matej S. Ostberg S. Schaphoff W. Lucht |
author_sort |
F. Stenzel |
title |
biospheremetrics v1.0.2: an R package to calculate two complementary terrestrial biosphere integrity indicators – human colonization of the biosphere (BioCol) and risk of ecosystem destabilization (EcoRisk) |
title_short |
biospheremetrics v1.0.2: an R package to calculate two complementary terrestrial biosphere integrity indicators – human colonization of the biosphere (BioCol) and risk of ecosystem destabilization (EcoRisk) |
title_full |
biospheremetrics v1.0.2: an R package to calculate two complementary terrestrial biosphere integrity indicators – human colonization of the biosphere (BioCol) and risk of ecosystem destabilization (EcoRisk) |
title_fullStr |
biospheremetrics v1.0.2: an R package to calculate two complementary terrestrial biosphere integrity indicators – human colonization of the biosphere (BioCol) and risk of ecosystem destabilization (EcoRisk) |
title_full_unstemmed |
biospheremetrics v1.0.2: an R package to calculate two complementary terrestrial biosphere integrity indicators – human colonization of the biosphere (BioCol) and risk of ecosystem destabilization (EcoRisk) |
title_sort |
biospheremetrics v1.0.2: an r package to calculate two complementary terrestrial biosphere integrity indicators – human colonization of the biosphere (biocol) and risk of ecosystem destabilization (ecorisk) |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3235-2024 https://doaj.org/article/7c5df3f1ace643eabab27878dfb45a9f |
genre |
Climate change |
genre_facet |
Climate change |
op_source |
Geoscientific Model Development, Vol 17, Pp 3235-3258 (2024) |
op_relation |
https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/17/3235/2024/gmd-17-3235-2024.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1991-959X https://doaj.org/toc/1991-9603 doi:10.5194/gmd-17-3235-2024 1991-959X 1991-9603 https://doaj.org/article/7c5df3f1ace643eabab27878dfb45a9f |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3235-2024 |
container_title |
Geoscientific Model Development |
container_volume |
17 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
3235 |
op_container_end_page |
3258 |
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1810440014546337792 |