Marine bacteria in deep Arctic and Antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations
Using fluorescence spectrometry to map autofluorescence of chlorophyll (Chl) and tryptophan (Trp) versus depth in polar ice cores in the US National Ice Core Laboratory, we found that the Chl and Trp concentrations often showed an annual modulation of up to 25%, with peaks at depths corresponding to...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7c5798eb622f4acc865e898ba9af6e08 2023-05-15T13:58:50+02:00 Marine bacteria in deep Arctic and Antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations P. B. Price R. C. Bay 2012-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3799-2012 https://doaj.org/article/7c5798eb622f4acc865e898ba9af6e08 EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.biogeosciences.net/9/3799/2012/bg-9-3799-2012.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-9-3799-2012 1726-4170 1726-4189 https://doaj.org/article/7c5798eb622f4acc865e898ba9af6e08 Biogeosciences, Vol 9, Iss 10, Pp 3799-3815 (2012) Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2012 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3799-2012 2022-12-31T10:04:55Z Using fluorescence spectrometry to map autofluorescence of chlorophyll (Chl) and tryptophan (Trp) versus depth in polar ice cores in the US National Ice Core Laboratory, we found that the Chl and Trp concentrations often showed an annual modulation of up to 25%, with peaks at depths corresponding to local summers. Using epifluorescence microscopy (EFM) and flow cytometry (FCM) triggered on red fluorescence at 670 nm to study microbes from unstained melts of the polar ice, we inferred that picocyanobacteria may have been responsible for the red fluorescence in the cores. Micron-size bacteria in all ice melts from Arctic and Antarctic sites showed FCM patterns of scattering and of red vs. orange fluorescence (interpreted as due to Chl vs. phycoerythrin (PE)) that bore similarities to patterns of cultures of unstained picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus . Concentrations in ice from all sites were low, but measurable at ~ 1 to ~ 10 3 cells cm −3 . Calibrations showed that FCM patterns of mineral grains and volcanic ash could be distinguished from microbes with high efficiency by triggering on scattering instead of by red fluorescence. Average Chl and PE autofluorescence intensities showed no decrease per cell with time during up to 150 000 yr of storage in glacial ice. Taking into account the annual modulation of ~ 25% and seasonal changes of ocean temperatures and winds, we suggest that picocyanobacteria are wind-transported year-round from warmer ocean waters onto polar ice. Ice cores offer the opportunity to study evolution of marine microbes over ~ 300 million generations by analysing their genomes vs. depth in glacial ice over the last 700 000 yr as frozen proxies for changes in their genomes in oceans. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic ice core Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Arctic Biogeosciences 9 10 3799 3815 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 P. B. Price R. C. Bay Marine bacteria in deep Arctic and Antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations |
topic_facet |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Using fluorescence spectrometry to map autofluorescence of chlorophyll (Chl) and tryptophan (Trp) versus depth in polar ice cores in the US National Ice Core Laboratory, we found that the Chl and Trp concentrations often showed an annual modulation of up to 25%, with peaks at depths corresponding to local summers. Using epifluorescence microscopy (EFM) and flow cytometry (FCM) triggered on red fluorescence at 670 nm to study microbes from unstained melts of the polar ice, we inferred that picocyanobacteria may have been responsible for the red fluorescence in the cores. Micron-size bacteria in all ice melts from Arctic and Antarctic sites showed FCM patterns of scattering and of red vs. orange fluorescence (interpreted as due to Chl vs. phycoerythrin (PE)) that bore similarities to patterns of cultures of unstained picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus . Concentrations in ice from all sites were low, but measurable at ~ 1 to ~ 10 3 cells cm −3 . Calibrations showed that FCM patterns of mineral grains and volcanic ash could be distinguished from microbes with high efficiency by triggering on scattering instead of by red fluorescence. Average Chl and PE autofluorescence intensities showed no decrease per cell with time during up to 150 000 yr of storage in glacial ice. Taking into account the annual modulation of ~ 25% and seasonal changes of ocean temperatures and winds, we suggest that picocyanobacteria are wind-transported year-round from warmer ocean waters onto polar ice. Ice cores offer the opportunity to study evolution of marine microbes over ~ 300 million generations by analysing their genomes vs. depth in glacial ice over the last 700 000 yr as frozen proxies for changes in their genomes in oceans. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
P. B. Price R. C. Bay |
author_facet |
P. B. Price R. C. Bay |
author_sort |
P. B. Price |
title |
Marine bacteria in deep Arctic and Antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations |
title_short |
Marine bacteria in deep Arctic and Antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations |
title_full |
Marine bacteria in deep Arctic and Antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations |
title_fullStr |
Marine bacteria in deep Arctic and Antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Marine bacteria in deep Arctic and Antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations |
title_sort |
marine bacteria in deep arctic and antarctic ice cores: a proxy for evolution in oceans over 300 million generations |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3799-2012 https://doaj.org/article/7c5798eb622f4acc865e898ba9af6e08 |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic ice core |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic ice core |
op_source |
Biogeosciences, Vol 9, Iss 10, Pp 3799-3815 (2012) |
op_relation |
http://www.biogeosciences.net/9/3799/2012/bg-9-3799-2012.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-9-3799-2012 1726-4170 1726-4189 https://doaj.org/article/7c5798eb622f4acc865e898ba9af6e08 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3799-2012 |
container_title |
Biogeosciences |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
3799 |
op_container_end_page |
3815 |
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1766267203940777984 |