Preliminary report of HIV and Toxoplasma gondii occurrence in pregnant women from Mozambique
Toxoplasmosis, a protozoan disease, causes severe disease in fetuses during pregnancy and deadly encephalitis in HIV patients. There are several studies on its seroprevalence around the world, but studies focusing on African countries are limited in number and mostly anecdotal. We studied two groups...
Published in: | Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
2010
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652010000600002 https://doaj.org/article/7c02f6438e464ca3bda7afd9ca62ead2 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7c02f6438e464ca3bda7afd9ca62ead2 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7c02f6438e464ca3bda7afd9ca62ead2 2024-09-09T19:28:25+00:00 Preliminary report of HIV and Toxoplasma gondii occurrence in pregnant women from Mozambique Sonia Paula Benedito Luis Sitoe Bernardete Rafael Luciana Regina Meireles Heitor Franco de Andrade Jr. Ricardo Thompson 2010-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652010000600002 https://doaj.org/article/7c02f6438e464ca3bda7afd9ca62ead2 EN eng Universidade de São Paulo (USP) http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-46652010000600002&lng=en&tlng=en https://doaj.org/toc/1678-9946 1678-9946 doi:10.1590/S0036-46652010000600002 https://doaj.org/article/7c02f6438e464ca3bda7afd9ca62ead2 Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Vol 52, Iss 6, Pp 291-295 (2010) Austral Africa Toxoplasmosis HIV Serology Pregnant women Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2010 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652010000600002 2024-08-05T17:49:31Z Toxoplasmosis, a protozoan disease, causes severe disease in fetuses during pregnancy and deadly encephalitis in HIV patients. There are several studies on its seroprevalence around the world, but studies focusing on African countries are limited in number and mostly anecdotal. We studied two groups of samples from Mozambique by ELISA, using serum samples from 150 pregnant women and six Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from AIDS patients with encephalitis. HIV status was confirmed, and CD4 blood counts were obtained from HIV-positive pregnant women. IgG seroprevalence of the group as a whole was 18.7% (28/150), with a higher prevalence in HIV-positive individuals compared to those who were HIV-negative (31.3%, [18/58] vs. 10.9%, [10/92]) patients. These data may be biased due to cumulative effects of exposition affecting disease prevalence. If corrected, this data may indicate an interaction of HIV and T. gondii. Prevalence of both diseases increases with age, but this is more clearly seen for toxoplasmosis (p < 0.005) than HIV infection, possibly explained by higher transmission of HIV after childhood. In HIV patients suffering from encephalitis, CSF serology showed that 33% of specific IgG CSF had a high avidity, which was in accordance with the data from the group of pregnant women. Lower prevalence rates of both infections in older groups could be explained by more deaths in the infected groups, resulting in an artificially lower prevalence. Using CD4 counts as a marker of time of HIV infection, and correcting for age, patients with contact with T. gondii had fewer CD4 cells, suggesting prolonged HIV disease or other causes. Toxoplasma IgG prevalence is higher in HIV+ groups, which could be ascribed to HIV- and T. gondii-associated risk factors, such as exposure to higher and more diverse social contacts. The low incidence of Toxoplasma IgG in younger age groups shows that transmission could be related to better access to cyst-containing meat in adulthood, as environmental transmission due to oocysts is ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Austral Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 52 6 291 295 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Austral Africa Toxoplasmosis HIV Serology Pregnant women Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Austral Africa Toxoplasmosis HIV Serology Pregnant women Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Sonia Paula Benedito Luis Sitoe Bernardete Rafael Luciana Regina Meireles Heitor Franco de Andrade Jr. Ricardo Thompson Preliminary report of HIV and Toxoplasma gondii occurrence in pregnant women from Mozambique |
topic_facet |
Austral Africa Toxoplasmosis HIV Serology Pregnant women Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Toxoplasmosis, a protozoan disease, causes severe disease in fetuses during pregnancy and deadly encephalitis in HIV patients. There are several studies on its seroprevalence around the world, but studies focusing on African countries are limited in number and mostly anecdotal. We studied two groups of samples from Mozambique by ELISA, using serum samples from 150 pregnant women and six Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from AIDS patients with encephalitis. HIV status was confirmed, and CD4 blood counts were obtained from HIV-positive pregnant women. IgG seroprevalence of the group as a whole was 18.7% (28/150), with a higher prevalence in HIV-positive individuals compared to those who were HIV-negative (31.3%, [18/58] vs. 10.9%, [10/92]) patients. These data may be biased due to cumulative effects of exposition affecting disease prevalence. If corrected, this data may indicate an interaction of HIV and T. gondii. Prevalence of both diseases increases with age, but this is more clearly seen for toxoplasmosis (p < 0.005) than HIV infection, possibly explained by higher transmission of HIV after childhood. In HIV patients suffering from encephalitis, CSF serology showed that 33% of specific IgG CSF had a high avidity, which was in accordance with the data from the group of pregnant women. Lower prevalence rates of both infections in older groups could be explained by more deaths in the infected groups, resulting in an artificially lower prevalence. Using CD4 counts as a marker of time of HIV infection, and correcting for age, patients with contact with T. gondii had fewer CD4 cells, suggesting prolonged HIV disease or other causes. Toxoplasma IgG prevalence is higher in HIV+ groups, which could be ascribed to HIV- and T. gondii-associated risk factors, such as exposure to higher and more diverse social contacts. The low incidence of Toxoplasma IgG in younger age groups shows that transmission could be related to better access to cyst-containing meat in adulthood, as environmental transmission due to oocysts is ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sonia Paula Benedito Luis Sitoe Bernardete Rafael Luciana Regina Meireles Heitor Franco de Andrade Jr. Ricardo Thompson |
author_facet |
Sonia Paula Benedito Luis Sitoe Bernardete Rafael Luciana Regina Meireles Heitor Franco de Andrade Jr. Ricardo Thompson |
author_sort |
Sonia Paula Benedito Luis Sitoe |
title |
Preliminary report of HIV and Toxoplasma gondii occurrence in pregnant women from Mozambique |
title_short |
Preliminary report of HIV and Toxoplasma gondii occurrence in pregnant women from Mozambique |
title_full |
Preliminary report of HIV and Toxoplasma gondii occurrence in pregnant women from Mozambique |
title_fullStr |
Preliminary report of HIV and Toxoplasma gondii occurrence in pregnant women from Mozambique |
title_full_unstemmed |
Preliminary report of HIV and Toxoplasma gondii occurrence in pregnant women from Mozambique |
title_sort |
preliminary report of hiv and toxoplasma gondii occurrence in pregnant women from mozambique |
publisher |
Universidade de São Paulo (USP) |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652010000600002 https://doaj.org/article/7c02f6438e464ca3bda7afd9ca62ead2 |
geographic |
Arctic Austral |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Austral |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Vol 52, Iss 6, Pp 291-295 (2010) |
op_relation |
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-46652010000600002&lng=en&tlng=en https://doaj.org/toc/1678-9946 1678-9946 doi:10.1590/S0036-46652010000600002 https://doaj.org/article/7c02f6438e464ca3bda7afd9ca62ead2 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652010000600002 |
container_title |
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo |
container_volume |
52 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
291 |
op_container_end_page |
295 |
_version_ |
1809897675412209664 |