Three-Dimensional Quantification of Copepods Predictive Distributions in the Ross Sea: First Data Based on a Machine Learning Model Approach and Open Access (FAIR) Data
Zooplankton is a fundamental group in aquatic ecosystems representing the base of the food chain. It forms a link between the lower trophic levels with secondary consumers and shows marked fluctuations in populations with environmental change, especially reacting to heating and water acidification....
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7b639d8407e74739ae77eb9815e1bc38 2023-05-15T14:03:32+02:00 Three-Dimensional Quantification of Copepods Predictive Distributions in the Ross Sea: First Data Based on a Machine Learning Model Approach and Open Access (FAIR) Data Marco Grillo Falk Huettmann Letterio Guglielmo Stefano Schiaparelli 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/d14050355 https://doaj.org/article/7b639d8407e74739ae77eb9815e1bc38 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/5/355 https://doaj.org/toc/1424-2818 doi:10.3390/d14050355 1424-2818 https://doaj.org/article/7b639d8407e74739ae77eb9815e1bc38 Diversity, Vol 14, Iss 355, p 355 (2022) machine learning Antarctic copepods species distribution models (SDMs) Ross Sea open source FAIR data Biology (General) QH301-705.5 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/d14050355 2022-12-30T20:34:40Z Zooplankton is a fundamental group in aquatic ecosystems representing the base of the food chain. It forms a link between the lower trophic levels with secondary consumers and shows marked fluctuations in populations with environmental change, especially reacting to heating and water acidification. Marine copepods account for approx. 70% of the abundance of zooplankton and are a target of monitoring activities in key areas such as the Southern Ocean. In this study, we have used FAIR-inspired legacy data (dating back to the 1980s) collected in the Ross Sea by the Italian National Antarctic Program at GBIF.org. Together with other open-access GIS data sources and tools, it allows one to generate, for the first time, three-dimensional predictive distribution maps for twenty-six copepod species. These predictive maps were obtained by applying machine learning techniques to grey literature data, which were visualized in open-source GIS platforms. In a Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) framework, we used machine learning with three types of algorithms (TreeNet, RandomForest, and Ensemble) to analyze the presence and absence of copepods in different areas and depth classes as a function of environmental descriptors obtained from the Polar Macroscope Layers present in Quantartica. The models allow, for the first time, to map-predict the food chain per depth class in quantitative terms, showing the relative index of occurrence (RIO) in 3Dimensions and identifying the presence of each copepod species analyzed in the Ross Sea, a globally-relevant wilderness area of conservation concern. Our results show marked geographical preferences that vary with species and trophic strategy. This study demonstrates that machine learning is a successful method in accurately predicting the Antarctic copepod presence, also providing useful data to orient future sampling and the management of wildlife and conservation. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Ross Sea Southern Ocean Copepods Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Ross Sea Diversity 14 5 355 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
machine learning Antarctic copepods species distribution models (SDMs) Ross Sea open source FAIR data Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
spellingShingle |
machine learning Antarctic copepods species distribution models (SDMs) Ross Sea open source FAIR data Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Marco Grillo Falk Huettmann Letterio Guglielmo Stefano Schiaparelli Three-Dimensional Quantification of Copepods Predictive Distributions in the Ross Sea: First Data Based on a Machine Learning Model Approach and Open Access (FAIR) Data |
topic_facet |
machine learning Antarctic copepods species distribution models (SDMs) Ross Sea open source FAIR data Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
description |
Zooplankton is a fundamental group in aquatic ecosystems representing the base of the food chain. It forms a link between the lower trophic levels with secondary consumers and shows marked fluctuations in populations with environmental change, especially reacting to heating and water acidification. Marine copepods account for approx. 70% of the abundance of zooplankton and are a target of monitoring activities in key areas such as the Southern Ocean. In this study, we have used FAIR-inspired legacy data (dating back to the 1980s) collected in the Ross Sea by the Italian National Antarctic Program at GBIF.org. Together with other open-access GIS data sources and tools, it allows one to generate, for the first time, three-dimensional predictive distribution maps for twenty-six copepod species. These predictive maps were obtained by applying machine learning techniques to grey literature data, which were visualized in open-source GIS platforms. In a Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) framework, we used machine learning with three types of algorithms (TreeNet, RandomForest, and Ensemble) to analyze the presence and absence of copepods in different areas and depth classes as a function of environmental descriptors obtained from the Polar Macroscope Layers present in Quantartica. The models allow, for the first time, to map-predict the food chain per depth class in quantitative terms, showing the relative index of occurrence (RIO) in 3Dimensions and identifying the presence of each copepod species analyzed in the Ross Sea, a globally-relevant wilderness area of conservation concern. Our results show marked geographical preferences that vary with species and trophic strategy. This study demonstrates that machine learning is a successful method in accurately predicting the Antarctic copepod presence, also providing useful data to orient future sampling and the management of wildlife and conservation. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Marco Grillo Falk Huettmann Letterio Guglielmo Stefano Schiaparelli |
author_facet |
Marco Grillo Falk Huettmann Letterio Guglielmo Stefano Schiaparelli |
author_sort |
Marco Grillo |
title |
Three-Dimensional Quantification of Copepods Predictive Distributions in the Ross Sea: First Data Based on a Machine Learning Model Approach and Open Access (FAIR) Data |
title_short |
Three-Dimensional Quantification of Copepods Predictive Distributions in the Ross Sea: First Data Based on a Machine Learning Model Approach and Open Access (FAIR) Data |
title_full |
Three-Dimensional Quantification of Copepods Predictive Distributions in the Ross Sea: First Data Based on a Machine Learning Model Approach and Open Access (FAIR) Data |
title_fullStr |
Three-Dimensional Quantification of Copepods Predictive Distributions in the Ross Sea: First Data Based on a Machine Learning Model Approach and Open Access (FAIR) Data |
title_full_unstemmed |
Three-Dimensional Quantification of Copepods Predictive Distributions in the Ross Sea: First Data Based on a Machine Learning Model Approach and Open Access (FAIR) Data |
title_sort |
three-dimensional quantification of copepods predictive distributions in the ross sea: first data based on a machine learning model approach and open access (fair) data |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/d14050355 https://doaj.org/article/7b639d8407e74739ae77eb9815e1bc38 |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Ross Sea |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Ross Sea |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Ross Sea Southern Ocean Copepods |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Ross Sea Southern Ocean Copepods |
op_source |
Diversity, Vol 14, Iss 355, p 355 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/5/355 https://doaj.org/toc/1424-2818 doi:10.3390/d14050355 1424-2818 https://doaj.org/article/7b639d8407e74739ae77eb9815e1bc38 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/d14050355 |
container_title |
Diversity |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
355 |
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1766274235695628288 |