Photochemical chlorine and bromine activation from artificial saline snow
The activation of reactive halogen species – particularly Cl 2 – from sea ice and snow surfaces is not well understood. In this study, we used a photochemical snow reactor coupled to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer to investigate the production of Br 2 , BrCl and Cl 2 from NaCl/NaBr-doped ar...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7acbf60055d5449abc4441f64bc323db 2023-05-15T18:18:28+02:00 Photochemical chlorine and bromine activation from artificial saline snow S. N. Wren D. J. Donaldson J. P. D. Abbatt 2013-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9789-2013 https://doaj.org/article/7acbf60055d5449abc4441f64bc323db EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/9789/2013/acp-13-9789-2013.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-13-9789-2013 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/7acbf60055d5449abc4441f64bc323db Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 13, Iss 19, Pp 9789-9800 (2013) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2013 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9789-2013 2022-12-31T03:59:06Z The activation of reactive halogen species – particularly Cl 2 – from sea ice and snow surfaces is not well understood. In this study, we used a photochemical snow reactor coupled to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer to investigate the production of Br 2 , BrCl and Cl 2 from NaCl/NaBr-doped artificial snow samples. At temperatures above the NaCl-water eutectic, illumination of samples (λ > 310 nm) in the presence of gas phase O 3 led to the accelerated release of Br 2 , BrCl and the release of Cl 2 in a process that was significantly enhanced by acidity, high surface area and additional gas phase Br 2 . Cl 2 production was only observed when both light and ozone were present. The total halogen release depended on [ozone] and pre-freezing [NaCl]. Our observations support a "halogen explosion" mechanism occurring within the snowpack, which is initiated by heterogeneous oxidation and propagated by Br 2 or BrCl photolysis and by recycling of HOBr and HOCl into the snowpack. Our study implicates this important role of active chemistry occurring within the interstitial air of aged (i.e. acidic) snow for halogen activation at polar sunrise. Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13 19 9789 9800 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
spellingShingle |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 S. N. Wren D. J. Donaldson J. P. D. Abbatt Photochemical chlorine and bromine activation from artificial saline snow |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
The activation of reactive halogen species – particularly Cl 2 – from sea ice and snow surfaces is not well understood. In this study, we used a photochemical snow reactor coupled to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer to investigate the production of Br 2 , BrCl and Cl 2 from NaCl/NaBr-doped artificial snow samples. At temperatures above the NaCl-water eutectic, illumination of samples (λ > 310 nm) in the presence of gas phase O 3 led to the accelerated release of Br 2 , BrCl and the release of Cl 2 in a process that was significantly enhanced by acidity, high surface area and additional gas phase Br 2 . Cl 2 production was only observed when both light and ozone were present. The total halogen release depended on [ozone] and pre-freezing [NaCl]. Our observations support a "halogen explosion" mechanism occurring within the snowpack, which is initiated by heterogeneous oxidation and propagated by Br 2 or BrCl photolysis and by recycling of HOBr and HOCl into the snowpack. Our study implicates this important role of active chemistry occurring within the interstitial air of aged (i.e. acidic) snow for halogen activation at polar sunrise. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
S. N. Wren D. J. Donaldson J. P. D. Abbatt |
author_facet |
S. N. Wren D. J. Donaldson J. P. D. Abbatt |
author_sort |
S. N. Wren |
title |
Photochemical chlorine and bromine activation from artificial saline snow |
title_short |
Photochemical chlorine and bromine activation from artificial saline snow |
title_full |
Photochemical chlorine and bromine activation from artificial saline snow |
title_fullStr |
Photochemical chlorine and bromine activation from artificial saline snow |
title_full_unstemmed |
Photochemical chlorine and bromine activation from artificial saline snow |
title_sort |
photochemical chlorine and bromine activation from artificial saline snow |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9789-2013 https://doaj.org/article/7acbf60055d5449abc4441f64bc323db |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 13, Iss 19, Pp 9789-9800 (2013) |
op_relation |
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/9789/2013/acp-13-9789-2013.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-13-9789-2013 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/7acbf60055d5449abc4441f64bc323db |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9789-2013 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
19 |
container_start_page |
9789 |
op_container_end_page |
9800 |
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1766195045385371648 |