Coating formulation change leads to inferior performance of long-lasting insecticidal nets in Papua New Guinea
Abstract Background Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) play a key role in reducing malaria transmission in endemic countries. In a previous study, the authors demonstrated a substantial decrease in the bioefficacy of LLINs for malaria prevention delivered to Papua New Guinea (PNG) between 2013 a...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7aab69783dc34b88864479fd3c7d306d 2023-05-15T15:18:04+02:00 Coating formulation change leads to inferior performance of long-lasting insecticidal nets in Papua New Guinea Nakei Bubun Evodia Anetul Melanie Koinari Timothy W. Freeman Stephan Karl 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04392-3 https://doaj.org/article/7aab69783dc34b88864479fd3c7d306d EN eng BMC https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04392-3 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-022-04392-3 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/7aab69783dc34b88864479fd3c7d306d Malaria Journal, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2022) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04392-3 2022-12-30T22:35:29Z Abstract Background Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) play a key role in reducing malaria transmission in endemic countries. In a previous study, the authors demonstrated a substantial decrease in the bioefficacy of LLINs for malaria prevention delivered to Papua New Guinea (PNG) between 2013 and 2019. This coincided with a rise in malaria cases in the country. The present study was aimed at determining the underlying cause of the reduced bioefficacy observed in these LLINs. The main hypothesis was that a change in the coating formulation of the respective LLIN product was responsible, and had led to significantly altered product properties and performance. Methods A set of PermaNet® 2.0 LLIN samples (n = 12) manufactured between 2007 and 2019 was subjected to combustion ion chromatography in order to understand the chemistry of the LLIN polymer coating formulation. In addition, World Health Organization (WHO) LLIN standard wash tests and cone bioassays were conducted to further characterize the change in product performance that occurred between 2012 and 2013. Results High polymer fluorine content (average 3.2 g/kg) was measured in PermaNet® 2.0 manufactured up to 2012, whereas nets which were manufactured after 2012 contained very little polymer fluorine (average 0.04 g/kg) indicating a coating formulation change from a fluorocarbon (FC)-based to a non-FC-based formulation. The coating formulation change as part of the manufacturing process thus resulted in a significant reduction in bioefficacy. In addition, the manufacturing change affected wash resistance leading to a faster reduction in 24 h mosquito mortality in the non-FC-coated product with consecutive washes. Conclusion A change in coating formulation of PermaNet® 2.0 resulted in reduced product performance in PNG. Post-2012 PermaNet® 2.0 LLINs should not be considered to be the same product as PermaNet® 2.0 LLINs produced prior to and in 2012. Coating formulation changes should be validated to not impact LLIN product performance. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 21 1 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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English |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Nakei Bubun Evodia Anetul Melanie Koinari Timothy W. Freeman Stephan Karl Coating formulation change leads to inferior performance of long-lasting insecticidal nets in Papua New Guinea |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) play a key role in reducing malaria transmission in endemic countries. In a previous study, the authors demonstrated a substantial decrease in the bioefficacy of LLINs for malaria prevention delivered to Papua New Guinea (PNG) between 2013 and 2019. This coincided with a rise in malaria cases in the country. The present study was aimed at determining the underlying cause of the reduced bioefficacy observed in these LLINs. The main hypothesis was that a change in the coating formulation of the respective LLIN product was responsible, and had led to significantly altered product properties and performance. Methods A set of PermaNet® 2.0 LLIN samples (n = 12) manufactured between 2007 and 2019 was subjected to combustion ion chromatography in order to understand the chemistry of the LLIN polymer coating formulation. In addition, World Health Organization (WHO) LLIN standard wash tests and cone bioassays were conducted to further characterize the change in product performance that occurred between 2012 and 2013. Results High polymer fluorine content (average 3.2 g/kg) was measured in PermaNet® 2.0 manufactured up to 2012, whereas nets which were manufactured after 2012 contained very little polymer fluorine (average 0.04 g/kg) indicating a coating formulation change from a fluorocarbon (FC)-based to a non-FC-based formulation. The coating formulation change as part of the manufacturing process thus resulted in a significant reduction in bioefficacy. In addition, the manufacturing change affected wash resistance leading to a faster reduction in 24 h mosquito mortality in the non-FC-coated product with consecutive washes. Conclusion A change in coating formulation of PermaNet® 2.0 resulted in reduced product performance in PNG. Post-2012 PermaNet® 2.0 LLINs should not be considered to be the same product as PermaNet® 2.0 LLINs produced prior to and in 2012. Coating formulation changes should be validated to not impact LLIN product performance. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nakei Bubun Evodia Anetul Melanie Koinari Timothy W. Freeman Stephan Karl |
author_facet |
Nakei Bubun Evodia Anetul Melanie Koinari Timothy W. Freeman Stephan Karl |
author_sort |
Nakei Bubun |
title |
Coating formulation change leads to inferior performance of long-lasting insecticidal nets in Papua New Guinea |
title_short |
Coating formulation change leads to inferior performance of long-lasting insecticidal nets in Papua New Guinea |
title_full |
Coating formulation change leads to inferior performance of long-lasting insecticidal nets in Papua New Guinea |
title_fullStr |
Coating formulation change leads to inferior performance of long-lasting insecticidal nets in Papua New Guinea |
title_full_unstemmed |
Coating formulation change leads to inferior performance of long-lasting insecticidal nets in Papua New Guinea |
title_sort |
coating formulation change leads to inferior performance of long-lasting insecticidal nets in papua new guinea |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04392-3 https://doaj.org/article/7aab69783dc34b88864479fd3c7d306d |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04392-3 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-022-04392-3 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/7aab69783dc34b88864479fd3c7d306d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04392-3 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
21 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766348296590196736 |