Winter upwelling in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea
Traditionally, upwelling-related studies in the Baltic Sea have been limited to the period from May to September. Based on wintertime in situ measurements at two nearshore locations in the Gulf of Finland, clear evidence of winter “warm” upwelling events was detected and analysed. The process was ve...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7a8d3e808438483cbb82486babf7b5c1 2023-05-15T18:18:04+02:00 Winter upwelling in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea Ülo Suursaar 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2021.04.001 https://doaj.org/article/7a8d3e808438483cbb82486babf7b5c1 EN eng Elsevier http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0078323421000361 https://doaj.org/toc/0078-3234 0078-3234 doi:10.1016/j.oceano.2021.04.001 https://doaj.org/article/7a8d3e808438483cbb82486babf7b5c1 Oceanologia, Vol 63, Iss 3, Pp 356-369 (2021) Warm upwelling Stratification Vertical flux Water temperature Sea ice Oceanography GC1-1581 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2021.04.001 2022-12-31T09:55:25Z Traditionally, upwelling-related studies in the Baltic Sea have been limited to the period from May to September. Based on wintertime in situ measurements at two nearshore locations in the Gulf of Finland, clear evidence of winter “warm” upwelling events was detected and analysed. The process was very common. At a 10 m deep location, upwelling caused water temperature (T) to switch from 0–1 to 4–5°C and salinity (S) to switch from 4.5 to 6 PSU; at 20 m depth it caused a switch in T between 1 and 2–4°C and in S between 5.5 and 6.8 PSU. Differently from summer upwelling, T and S variations were positively correlated to each other. Salinity variations remained roughly the same throughout the winter, whereas T differences were higher in winter onset, then decreased to ca. 1°C, and increased again after the process reversed to summer-type upwelling in April–May. Based on analysis of SatBaltyk (January to March) sea surface temperature and salinity product imagery, winter upwelling occurrence along the North Estonian coast was 21–28% over 2010–2021, and slightly less along the Finnish coast. Regarding S variations, winter upwelling occurred with roughly similar frequencies and impacts in the northern and southern parts of the gulf. However, the impacts on T and sea ice conditions were highly asymmetrical. Upwelling kept the Estonian coast ice-free longer and water temperatures slightly higher than at the Finnish coast. Winter upwelling as a phenomenon has long been ignored and therefore probably underestimated. Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Oceanologia 63 3 356 369 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Warm upwelling Stratification Vertical flux Water temperature Sea ice Oceanography GC1-1581 |
spellingShingle |
Warm upwelling Stratification Vertical flux Water temperature Sea ice Oceanography GC1-1581 Ülo Suursaar Winter upwelling in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea |
topic_facet |
Warm upwelling Stratification Vertical flux Water temperature Sea ice Oceanography GC1-1581 |
description |
Traditionally, upwelling-related studies in the Baltic Sea have been limited to the period from May to September. Based on wintertime in situ measurements at two nearshore locations in the Gulf of Finland, clear evidence of winter “warm” upwelling events was detected and analysed. The process was very common. At a 10 m deep location, upwelling caused water temperature (T) to switch from 0–1 to 4–5°C and salinity (S) to switch from 4.5 to 6 PSU; at 20 m depth it caused a switch in T between 1 and 2–4°C and in S between 5.5 and 6.8 PSU. Differently from summer upwelling, T and S variations were positively correlated to each other. Salinity variations remained roughly the same throughout the winter, whereas T differences were higher in winter onset, then decreased to ca. 1°C, and increased again after the process reversed to summer-type upwelling in April–May. Based on analysis of SatBaltyk (January to March) sea surface temperature and salinity product imagery, winter upwelling occurrence along the North Estonian coast was 21–28% over 2010–2021, and slightly less along the Finnish coast. Regarding S variations, winter upwelling occurred with roughly similar frequencies and impacts in the northern and southern parts of the gulf. However, the impacts on T and sea ice conditions were highly asymmetrical. Upwelling kept the Estonian coast ice-free longer and water temperatures slightly higher than at the Finnish coast. Winter upwelling as a phenomenon has long been ignored and therefore probably underestimated. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ülo Suursaar |
author_facet |
Ülo Suursaar |
author_sort |
Ülo Suursaar |
title |
Winter upwelling in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea |
title_short |
Winter upwelling in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea |
title_full |
Winter upwelling in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea |
title_fullStr |
Winter upwelling in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea |
title_full_unstemmed |
Winter upwelling in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea |
title_sort |
winter upwelling in the gulf of finland, baltic sea |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2021.04.001 https://doaj.org/article/7a8d3e808438483cbb82486babf7b5c1 |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
Oceanologia, Vol 63, Iss 3, Pp 356-369 (2021) |
op_relation |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0078323421000361 https://doaj.org/toc/0078-3234 0078-3234 doi:10.1016/j.oceano.2021.04.001 https://doaj.org/article/7a8d3e808438483cbb82486babf7b5c1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2021.04.001 |
container_title |
Oceanologia |
container_volume |
63 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
356 |
op_container_end_page |
369 |
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1766194305885536256 |