Remote Sensing of Antarctic Glacier and Ice-Shelf Front Dynamics—A Review

• Published in: Remote Sensing
• Main Authors: Celia A. Baumhoer, Andreas J. Dietz, Stefan Dech, Claudia Kuenzer
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2018
• Subjects: Antarctica; calving front location (CFL); glacier terminus; ice shelf; glacier extent; ice front; remote sensing; earth observation; review; antarctic peninsula; Science; Q; Antarctic; The Antarctic; Antarctic Peninsula; Dronning Maud Land; Victoria Land; West Antarctic Ice Sheet; East Antarctic Ice Sheet; Wilkes Land; Antarc*; Ice Sheet; Ice Shelf; Ice Shelves
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10091445; https://doaj.org/article/7a6830fb145b44d3b2355ca90765860c

The contribution of Antarctica’s ice sheet to global sea-level rise depends on the very dynamic behavior of glaciers and ice shelves. One important parameter of ice-sheet dynamics is the location of glacier and ice-shelf fronts. Numerous remote sensing studies on Antarctic glacier and ice-shelf front positions exist, but no long-term record on circum-Antarctic front dynamics has been established so far. The article outlines the potential of remote sensing to map, extract, and measure calving front dynamics. Furthermore, this review provides an overview of the spatial and temporal availability of Antarctic calving front observations for the first time. Single measurements are compiled to a circum-Antarctic record of glacier and ice shelf retreat/advance. We find sufficient frontal records for the Antarctic Peninsula and Victoria Land, whereas on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS), measurements only concentrate on specific glaciers and ice sheets. Frontal records for the East Antarctic Ice Sheet exist since the 1970s. Studies agree on the general retreat of calving fronts along the Antarctic Peninsula. East Antarctic calving fronts also showed retreating tendencies between 1970s until the early 1990s, but have advanced since the 2000s. Exceptions of this general trend are Victoria Land, Wilkes Land, and the northernmost Dronning Maud Land. For the WAIS, no clear trend in long-term front fluctuations could be identified, as observations of different studies vary in space and time, and fronts highly fluctuate. For further calving front analysis, regular mapping intervals as well as glacier morphology should be included. We propose to exploit current and future developments in Earth observations to create frequent standardized measurements for circum-Antarctic assessments of glacier and ice-shelf front dynamics in regard to ice-sheet mass balance and climate forcing.