Differential Mortality and High Viral Load in Naive Pacific Oyster Families Exposed to OsHV-1 Suggests Tolerance Rather than Resistance to Infection
Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas , are one of the most productive aquaculture species in the world. However, they are threatened by the spread of Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) and its microvariants (collectively “µvars”), which cause mass mortalities in all life stages of Pacific oysters globally...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7a41fad190624c789b71141b3df35547 2023-05-15T15:58:59+02:00 Differential Mortality and High Viral Load in Naive Pacific Oyster Families Exposed to OsHV-1 Suggests Tolerance Rather than Resistance to Infection M. Victoria Agnew Carolyn S. Friedman Christopher Langdon Konstantin Divilov Blaine Schoolfield Benjamin Morga Lionel Degremont Arun K. Dhar Peter Kirkland Brett Dumbauld Colleen A. Burge 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121057 https://doaj.org/article/7a41fad190624c789b71141b3df35547 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/12/1057 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817 doi:10.3390/pathogens9121057 2076-0817 https://doaj.org/article/7a41fad190624c789b71141b3df35547 Pathogens, Vol 9, Iss 1057, p 1057 (2020) OsHV-1 µvars oyster virus tolerance virulence Medicine R article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121057 2022-12-30T23:35:46Z Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas , are one of the most productive aquaculture species in the world. However, they are threatened by the spread of Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) and its microvariants (collectively “µvars”), which cause mass mortalities in all life stages of Pacific oysters globally. Breeding programs have been successful in reducing mortality due to OsHV-1 variants following viral outbreaks; however, an OsHV-1-resistant oyster line does not yet exist in the United States (US), and it is unknown how OsHV-1 µvars will affect US oyster populations compared to the current variant, which is similar to the OsHV-1 reference, found in Tomales Bay, CA. The goals of this study were to investigate the resistance of C. gigas juveniles produced by the Molluscan Broodstock Program (MBP) to three variants of OsHV-1: a California reference OsHV-1, an Australian µvar, and a French µvar. This is the first study to directly compare OsHV-1 µvars to a non-µvar. The survival probability of oysters exposed to the French (FRA) or Australian (AUS) µvar was significantly lower (43% and 71%, respectively) than to the reference variant and controls (96%). No oyster family demonstrated resistance to all three OsHV-1 variants, and many surviving oysters contained high copy numbers of viral DNA (mean ~3.53 × 10 8 ). These results indicate that the introduction of OsHV-1 µvars could have substantial effects on US Pacific oyster aquaculture if truly resistant lines are not achieved, and highlight the need to consider resistance to infection in addition to survival as traits in breeding programs to reduce the risk of the spread of OsHV-1 variants. Article in Journal/Newspaper Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Pacific Pathogens 9 12 1057 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
OsHV-1 µvars oyster virus tolerance virulence Medicine R |
spellingShingle |
OsHV-1 µvars oyster virus tolerance virulence Medicine R M. Victoria Agnew Carolyn S. Friedman Christopher Langdon Konstantin Divilov Blaine Schoolfield Benjamin Morga Lionel Degremont Arun K. Dhar Peter Kirkland Brett Dumbauld Colleen A. Burge Differential Mortality and High Viral Load in Naive Pacific Oyster Families Exposed to OsHV-1 Suggests Tolerance Rather than Resistance to Infection |
topic_facet |
OsHV-1 µvars oyster virus tolerance virulence Medicine R |
description |
Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas , are one of the most productive aquaculture species in the world. However, they are threatened by the spread of Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) and its microvariants (collectively “µvars”), which cause mass mortalities in all life stages of Pacific oysters globally. Breeding programs have been successful in reducing mortality due to OsHV-1 variants following viral outbreaks; however, an OsHV-1-resistant oyster line does not yet exist in the United States (US), and it is unknown how OsHV-1 µvars will affect US oyster populations compared to the current variant, which is similar to the OsHV-1 reference, found in Tomales Bay, CA. The goals of this study were to investigate the resistance of C. gigas juveniles produced by the Molluscan Broodstock Program (MBP) to three variants of OsHV-1: a California reference OsHV-1, an Australian µvar, and a French µvar. This is the first study to directly compare OsHV-1 µvars to a non-µvar. The survival probability of oysters exposed to the French (FRA) or Australian (AUS) µvar was significantly lower (43% and 71%, respectively) than to the reference variant and controls (96%). No oyster family demonstrated resistance to all three OsHV-1 variants, and many surviving oysters contained high copy numbers of viral DNA (mean ~3.53 × 10 8 ). These results indicate that the introduction of OsHV-1 µvars could have substantial effects on US Pacific oyster aquaculture if truly resistant lines are not achieved, and highlight the need to consider resistance to infection in addition to survival as traits in breeding programs to reduce the risk of the spread of OsHV-1 variants. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
M. Victoria Agnew Carolyn S. Friedman Christopher Langdon Konstantin Divilov Blaine Schoolfield Benjamin Morga Lionel Degremont Arun K. Dhar Peter Kirkland Brett Dumbauld Colleen A. Burge |
author_facet |
M. Victoria Agnew Carolyn S. Friedman Christopher Langdon Konstantin Divilov Blaine Schoolfield Benjamin Morga Lionel Degremont Arun K. Dhar Peter Kirkland Brett Dumbauld Colleen A. Burge |
author_sort |
M. Victoria Agnew |
title |
Differential Mortality and High Viral Load in Naive Pacific Oyster Families Exposed to OsHV-1 Suggests Tolerance Rather than Resistance to Infection |
title_short |
Differential Mortality and High Viral Load in Naive Pacific Oyster Families Exposed to OsHV-1 Suggests Tolerance Rather than Resistance to Infection |
title_full |
Differential Mortality and High Viral Load in Naive Pacific Oyster Families Exposed to OsHV-1 Suggests Tolerance Rather than Resistance to Infection |
title_fullStr |
Differential Mortality and High Viral Load in Naive Pacific Oyster Families Exposed to OsHV-1 Suggests Tolerance Rather than Resistance to Infection |
title_full_unstemmed |
Differential Mortality and High Viral Load in Naive Pacific Oyster Families Exposed to OsHV-1 Suggests Tolerance Rather than Resistance to Infection |
title_sort |
differential mortality and high viral load in naive pacific oyster families exposed to oshv-1 suggests tolerance rather than resistance to infection |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121057 https://doaj.org/article/7a41fad190624c789b71141b3df35547 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster |
genre_facet |
Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster |
op_source |
Pathogens, Vol 9, Iss 1057, p 1057 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/12/1057 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817 doi:10.3390/pathogens9121057 2076-0817 https://doaj.org/article/7a41fad190624c789b71141b3df35547 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121057 |
container_title |
Pathogens |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
1057 |
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