SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies
We introduce SodSAR, a fully polarimetric tower-based wide frequency (1–10 GHz) range Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) aimed at snow, soil and vegetation studies. The instrument is located in the Arctic Space Centre of the Finnish Meteorological Institute in Sodankylä, Finland. The system is based on...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7958e0d152a3411eaee7cf0f1436eb16 2023-05-15T15:08:05+02:00 SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies Jorge Jorge Ruiz Risto Vehmas Juha Lemmetyinen Josu Uusitalo Janne Lahtinen Kari Lehtinen Anna Kontu Kimmo Rautiainen Riku Tarvainen Jouni Pulliainen Jaan Praks 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226702 https://doaj.org/article/7958e0d152a3411eaee7cf0f1436eb16 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6702 https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220 doi:10.3390/s20226702 1424-8220 https://doaj.org/article/7958e0d152a3411eaee7cf0f1436eb16 Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 6702, p 6702 (2020) SodSAR synthetic aperture radar insar boreal forest vector network analyzer scatterometer Chemical technology TP1-1185 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226702 2022-12-30T19:55:16Z We introduce SodSAR, a fully polarimetric tower-based wide frequency (1–10 GHz) range Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) aimed at snow, soil and vegetation studies. The instrument is located in the Arctic Space Centre of the Finnish Meteorological Institute in Sodankylä, Finland. The system is based on a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA)-operated scatterometer mounted on a rail allowing the formation of SAR images, including interferometric pairs separated by a temporal baseline. We present the description of the radar, the applied SAR focusing technique, the radar calibration and measurement stability analysis. Measured stability of the backscattering intensity over a three-month period was observed to be better than 0.5 dB, when measuring a target with a known radar cross section. Deviations of the estimated target range were in the order of a few cm over the same period, indicating also good stability of the measured phase. Interforometric SAR (InSAR) capabilities are also discussed, and as a example, the coherence of subsequent SAR acquisitions over the observed boreal forest stand are analyzed over increasing temporal baselines. The analysis shows good conservation of coherence in particular at L-band, while higher frequencies are susceptible to loss of coherence in particular for dense vegetation. The potential of the instrument for satellite calibration and validation activities is also discussed. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Sodankylä Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Sodankylä ENVELOPE(26.600,26.600,67.417,67.417) Sensors 20 22 6702 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
SodSAR synthetic aperture radar insar boreal forest vector network analyzer scatterometer Chemical technology TP1-1185 |
spellingShingle |
SodSAR synthetic aperture radar insar boreal forest vector network analyzer scatterometer Chemical technology TP1-1185 Jorge Jorge Ruiz Risto Vehmas Juha Lemmetyinen Josu Uusitalo Janne Lahtinen Kari Lehtinen Anna Kontu Kimmo Rautiainen Riku Tarvainen Jouni Pulliainen Jaan Praks SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies |
topic_facet |
SodSAR synthetic aperture radar insar boreal forest vector network analyzer scatterometer Chemical technology TP1-1185 |
description |
We introduce SodSAR, a fully polarimetric tower-based wide frequency (1–10 GHz) range Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) aimed at snow, soil and vegetation studies. The instrument is located in the Arctic Space Centre of the Finnish Meteorological Institute in Sodankylä, Finland. The system is based on a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA)-operated scatterometer mounted on a rail allowing the formation of SAR images, including interferometric pairs separated by a temporal baseline. We present the description of the radar, the applied SAR focusing technique, the radar calibration and measurement stability analysis. Measured stability of the backscattering intensity over a three-month period was observed to be better than 0.5 dB, when measuring a target with a known radar cross section. Deviations of the estimated target range were in the order of a few cm over the same period, indicating also good stability of the measured phase. Interforometric SAR (InSAR) capabilities are also discussed, and as a example, the coherence of subsequent SAR acquisitions over the observed boreal forest stand are analyzed over increasing temporal baselines. The analysis shows good conservation of coherence in particular at L-band, while higher frequencies are susceptible to loss of coherence in particular for dense vegetation. The potential of the instrument for satellite calibration and validation activities is also discussed. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jorge Jorge Ruiz Risto Vehmas Juha Lemmetyinen Josu Uusitalo Janne Lahtinen Kari Lehtinen Anna Kontu Kimmo Rautiainen Riku Tarvainen Jouni Pulliainen Jaan Praks |
author_facet |
Jorge Jorge Ruiz Risto Vehmas Juha Lemmetyinen Josu Uusitalo Janne Lahtinen Kari Lehtinen Anna Kontu Kimmo Rautiainen Riku Tarvainen Jouni Pulliainen Jaan Praks |
author_sort |
Jorge Jorge Ruiz |
title |
SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies |
title_short |
SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies |
title_full |
SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies |
title_fullStr |
SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies |
title_full_unstemmed |
SodSAR: A Tower-Based 1–10 GHz SAR System for Snow, Soil and Vegetation Studies |
title_sort |
sodsar: a tower-based 1–10 ghz sar system for snow, soil and vegetation studies |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226702 https://doaj.org/article/7958e0d152a3411eaee7cf0f1436eb16 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(26.600,26.600,67.417,67.417) |
geographic |
Arctic Sodankylä |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Sodankylä |
genre |
Arctic Sodankylä |
genre_facet |
Arctic Sodankylä |
op_source |
Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 6702, p 6702 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6702 https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220 doi:10.3390/s20226702 1424-8220 https://doaj.org/article/7958e0d152a3411eaee7cf0f1436eb16 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226702 |
container_title |
Sensors |
container_volume |
20 |
container_issue |
22 |
container_start_page |
6702 |
_version_ |
1766339516271951872 |