Anti-tick vaccine candidate subolesin is important for blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in soft ticks.
Subolesin is a conserved molecule in both hard and soft ticks and is considered as an effective candidate molecule for the development of anti-tick vaccine. Previous studies have reported the role of subolesin in blood feeding, reproduction, development, and gene expression in hard ticks. However, s...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7912c88527c44e86838aa1a8a2ef2662 2023-12-31T10:04:13+01:00 Anti-tick vaccine candidate subolesin is important for blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in soft ticks. Krittika Nandy Comfort Tamakloe Daniel E Sonenshine Hameeda Sultana Girish Neelakanta 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011719 https://doaj.org/article/7912c88527c44e86838aa1a8a2ef2662 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0011719&type=printable https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011719 https://doaj.org/article/7912c88527c44e86838aa1a8a2ef2662 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 17, Iss 11, p e0011719 (2023) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011719 2023-12-03T01:41:39Z Subolesin is a conserved molecule in both hard and soft ticks and is considered as an effective candidate molecule for the development of anti-tick vaccine. Previous studies have reported the role of subolesin in blood feeding, reproduction, development, and gene expression in hard ticks. However, studies addressing the role of subolesin in soft ticks are limited. In this study, we report that subolesin is not only important in soft tick Ornithodoros turicata americanus blood feeding but also in the regulation of innate immune gene expression in these ticks. We identified and characterized several putative innate immune genes including Toll, Lysozyme precursor (Lp), fibrinogen-domain containing protein (FDP), cystatin and ML-domain containing protein (MLD) in O. turicata americanus ticks. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the expression of these genes in both O. turicata americanus salivary glands and midgut and in all developmental stages of these soft ticks. Significantly increased expression of fdp was noted in salivary glands and midgut upon O. turicata americanus blood feeding. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated knockdown of O. turicata americanus subolesin expression affected blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in these ticks. Significant downregulation of toll, lp, fdp, cystatin, and mld transcripts was evident in sub-dsRNA-treated ticks when compared to the levels noted in mock-dsRNA-treated control. Collectively, our study not only reports identification and characterization of various innate immune genes in O. turicata americanus ticks but also provides evidence on the role of subolesin in blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in these medically important ticks. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17 11 e0011719 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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English |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Krittika Nandy Comfort Tamakloe Daniel E Sonenshine Hameeda Sultana Girish Neelakanta Anti-tick vaccine candidate subolesin is important for blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in soft ticks. |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Subolesin is a conserved molecule in both hard and soft ticks and is considered as an effective candidate molecule for the development of anti-tick vaccine. Previous studies have reported the role of subolesin in blood feeding, reproduction, development, and gene expression in hard ticks. However, studies addressing the role of subolesin in soft ticks are limited. In this study, we report that subolesin is not only important in soft tick Ornithodoros turicata americanus blood feeding but also in the regulation of innate immune gene expression in these ticks. We identified and characterized several putative innate immune genes including Toll, Lysozyme precursor (Lp), fibrinogen-domain containing protein (FDP), cystatin and ML-domain containing protein (MLD) in O. turicata americanus ticks. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the expression of these genes in both O. turicata americanus salivary glands and midgut and in all developmental stages of these soft ticks. Significantly increased expression of fdp was noted in salivary glands and midgut upon O. turicata americanus blood feeding. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated knockdown of O. turicata americanus subolesin expression affected blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in these ticks. Significant downregulation of toll, lp, fdp, cystatin, and mld transcripts was evident in sub-dsRNA-treated ticks when compared to the levels noted in mock-dsRNA-treated control. Collectively, our study not only reports identification and characterization of various innate immune genes in O. turicata americanus ticks but also provides evidence on the role of subolesin in blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in these medically important ticks. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Krittika Nandy Comfort Tamakloe Daniel E Sonenshine Hameeda Sultana Girish Neelakanta |
author_facet |
Krittika Nandy Comfort Tamakloe Daniel E Sonenshine Hameeda Sultana Girish Neelakanta |
author_sort |
Krittika Nandy |
title |
Anti-tick vaccine candidate subolesin is important for blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in soft ticks. |
title_short |
Anti-tick vaccine candidate subolesin is important for blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in soft ticks. |
title_full |
Anti-tick vaccine candidate subolesin is important for blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in soft ticks. |
title_fullStr |
Anti-tick vaccine candidate subolesin is important for blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in soft ticks. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Anti-tick vaccine candidate subolesin is important for blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in soft ticks. |
title_sort |
anti-tick vaccine candidate subolesin is important for blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in soft ticks. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011719 https://doaj.org/article/7912c88527c44e86838aa1a8a2ef2662 |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 17, Iss 11, p e0011719 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0011719&type=printable https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011719 https://doaj.org/article/7912c88527c44e86838aa1a8a2ef2662 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011719 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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17 |
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11 |
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e0011719 |
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