Contrail frequency over Europe from NOAA-satellite images
Contrail cloudiness over Europe and the eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean was analyzed for the two periods September 1979 - December 1981 and September 1989 - August 1992 by visual inspection of quicklook photographic prints of NOAA/AVHRR infrared images. The averaged contrail cover exhibits...
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Copernicus Publications
1994
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:78390750202f4541a86bcc6fe96e3f46 2023-05-15T17:29:58+02:00 Contrail frequency over Europe from NOAA-satellite images S. Bakan M. Betancor V. Gayler H. Graßl 1994-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0962-y https://doaj.org/article/78390750202f4541a86bcc6fe96e3f46 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.ann-geophys.net/12/962/1994/angeo-12-962-1994.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/0992-7689 https://doaj.org/toc/1432-0576 doi:10.1007/s00585-994-0962-y 0992-7689 1432-0576 https://doaj.org/article/78390750202f4541a86bcc6fe96e3f46 Annales Geophysicae, Vol 12, Pp 962-968 (1994) Science Q Physics QC1-999 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809 article 1994 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0962-y 2022-12-31T10:06:57Z Contrail cloudiness over Europe and the eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean was analyzed for the two periods September 1979 - December 1981 and September 1989 - August 1992 by visual inspection of quicklook photographic prints of NOAA/AVHRR infrared images. The averaged contrail cover exhibits maximum values along the transatlantic flight corridor around 50 °N (of almost 2%) and over western Europe resulting in 0.5% contrail cloudiness on average. A strong yearly cycle appears with a maximum (<2%) in spring and summer over the Atlantic and a smaller maximum (<1%) in winter over southwestern Europe. Comparing the two time periods, which are separated by one decade, shows there is a significant decrease in contrail cloudiness over western Europe and a significant increase over the North Atlantic between March and July. Contrail cloud cover during daytime is about twice as high as during nighttime. Contrails are found preferentially in larger fields of 1000 km diameter which usually last for more than a day. Causes, possible errors and consequences are discussed. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Annales Geophysicae 12 10/11 962 968 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Science Q Physics QC1-999 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809 |
spellingShingle |
Science Q Physics QC1-999 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809 S. Bakan M. Betancor V. Gayler H. Graßl Contrail frequency over Europe from NOAA-satellite images |
topic_facet |
Science Q Physics QC1-999 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809 |
description |
Contrail cloudiness over Europe and the eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean was analyzed for the two periods September 1979 - December 1981 and September 1989 - August 1992 by visual inspection of quicklook photographic prints of NOAA/AVHRR infrared images. The averaged contrail cover exhibits maximum values along the transatlantic flight corridor around 50 °N (of almost 2%) and over western Europe resulting in 0.5% contrail cloudiness on average. A strong yearly cycle appears with a maximum (<2%) in spring and summer over the Atlantic and a smaller maximum (<1%) in winter over southwestern Europe. Comparing the two time periods, which are separated by one decade, shows there is a significant decrease in contrail cloudiness over western Europe and a significant increase over the North Atlantic between March and July. Contrail cloud cover during daytime is about twice as high as during nighttime. Contrails are found preferentially in larger fields of 1000 km diameter which usually last for more than a day. Causes, possible errors and consequences are discussed. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
S. Bakan M. Betancor V. Gayler H. Graßl |
author_facet |
S. Bakan M. Betancor V. Gayler H. Graßl |
author_sort |
S. Bakan |
title |
Contrail frequency over Europe from NOAA-satellite images |
title_short |
Contrail frequency over Europe from NOAA-satellite images |
title_full |
Contrail frequency over Europe from NOAA-satellite images |
title_fullStr |
Contrail frequency over Europe from NOAA-satellite images |
title_full_unstemmed |
Contrail frequency over Europe from NOAA-satellite images |
title_sort |
contrail frequency over europe from noaa-satellite images |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
1994 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0962-y https://doaj.org/article/78390750202f4541a86bcc6fe96e3f46 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Annales Geophysicae, Vol 12, Pp 962-968 (1994) |
op_relation |
https://www.ann-geophys.net/12/962/1994/angeo-12-962-1994.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/0992-7689 https://doaj.org/toc/1432-0576 doi:10.1007/s00585-994-0962-y 0992-7689 1432-0576 https://doaj.org/article/78390750202f4541a86bcc6fe96e3f46 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0962-y |
container_title |
Annales Geophysicae |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
10/11 |
container_start_page |
962 |
op_container_end_page |
968 |
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1766125231751036928 |