New highland distribution records of multiple Anopheles species in the Ecuadorian Andes
Abstract Background Several recent climate change reviews have stressed the possibility of some malaria vectors occupying regions of higher altitudes than previously recorded. Indeed, highland malaria has been observed in several African nations, possibly attributable to changes in land use, vector...
Published in: | Malaria Journal |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2011
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-236 https://doaj.org/article/781255975eb14aafa6e8dc47adb20583 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:781255975eb14aafa6e8dc47adb20583 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:781255975eb14aafa6e8dc47adb20583 2023-05-15T15:12:47+02:00 New highland distribution records of multiple Anopheles species in the Ecuadorian Andes Hunter Fiona F Pinault Lauren L 2011-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-236 https://doaj.org/article/781255975eb14aafa6e8dc47adb20583 EN eng BMC http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/236 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-236 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/781255975eb14aafa6e8dc47adb20583 Malaria Journal, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 236 (2011) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2011 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-236 2022-12-31T05:53:54Z Abstract Background Several recent climate change reviews have stressed the possibility of some malaria vectors occupying regions of higher altitudes than previously recorded. Indeed, highland malaria has been observed in several African nations, possibly attributable to changes in land use, vector control and local climate. This study attempts to expand the current knowledge of the distribution of common Anopheles species in Ecuador, with particular attention to highland regions (> 500 m) of the Andes. Methods Extensive field collections of larvae were undertaken in 2008, 2009 and 2010 throughout all regions of Ecuador (except the lower-altitude Amazonian plain) and compared to historical distribution maps reproduced from the 1940s. Larvae were identified using both a morphological key and sequencing of the 800 bp region of the CO1 mitochondrial gene. In addition, spatial statistics (Getis-Ord Hotspot Analysis: Gi*) were used to determine high and low-density clusters of each species in Ecuador. Results Distributions have been updated for five species of Anopheles in Ecuador: Anopheles albimanus , Anopheles pseudopunctipennis , Anopheles punctimacula , Anopheles eiseni and Anopheles oswaldoi s.l . Historical maps indicate that An. pseudopunctipennis used to be widespread in highland Andean valleys, while other species were completely restricted to lowland areas. By comparison, updated maps for the other four collected species show higher maximum elevations and/or more widespread distributions in highland regions than previously recorded. Gi* analysis determined some highland hot spots for An. albimanus , but only cold spots for all other species. Conclusions This study documents the establishment of multiple anopheline species in high altitude regions of Ecuador, often in areas where malaria eradication programs are not focused. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Climate change Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 10 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Hunter Fiona F Pinault Lauren L New highland distribution records of multiple Anopheles species in the Ecuadorian Andes |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Several recent climate change reviews have stressed the possibility of some malaria vectors occupying regions of higher altitudes than previously recorded. Indeed, highland malaria has been observed in several African nations, possibly attributable to changes in land use, vector control and local climate. This study attempts to expand the current knowledge of the distribution of common Anopheles species in Ecuador, with particular attention to highland regions (> 500 m) of the Andes. Methods Extensive field collections of larvae were undertaken in 2008, 2009 and 2010 throughout all regions of Ecuador (except the lower-altitude Amazonian plain) and compared to historical distribution maps reproduced from the 1940s. Larvae were identified using both a morphological key and sequencing of the 800 bp region of the CO1 mitochondrial gene. In addition, spatial statistics (Getis-Ord Hotspot Analysis: Gi*) were used to determine high and low-density clusters of each species in Ecuador. Results Distributions have been updated for five species of Anopheles in Ecuador: Anopheles albimanus , Anopheles pseudopunctipennis , Anopheles punctimacula , Anopheles eiseni and Anopheles oswaldoi s.l . Historical maps indicate that An. pseudopunctipennis used to be widespread in highland Andean valleys, while other species were completely restricted to lowland areas. By comparison, updated maps for the other four collected species show higher maximum elevations and/or more widespread distributions in highland regions than previously recorded. Gi* analysis determined some highland hot spots for An. albimanus , but only cold spots for all other species. Conclusions This study documents the establishment of multiple anopheline species in high altitude regions of Ecuador, often in areas where malaria eradication programs are not focused. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hunter Fiona F Pinault Lauren L |
author_facet |
Hunter Fiona F Pinault Lauren L |
author_sort |
Hunter Fiona F |
title |
New highland distribution records of multiple Anopheles species in the Ecuadorian Andes |
title_short |
New highland distribution records of multiple Anopheles species in the Ecuadorian Andes |
title_full |
New highland distribution records of multiple Anopheles species in the Ecuadorian Andes |
title_fullStr |
New highland distribution records of multiple Anopheles species in the Ecuadorian Andes |
title_full_unstemmed |
New highland distribution records of multiple Anopheles species in the Ecuadorian Andes |
title_sort |
new highland distribution records of multiple anopheles species in the ecuadorian andes |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-236 https://doaj.org/article/781255975eb14aafa6e8dc47adb20583 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Climate change |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 236 (2011) |
op_relation |
http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/236 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-236 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/781255975eb14aafa6e8dc47adb20583 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-236 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1766343424095551488 |