Ixodes scapularis Tick Saliva Proteins Sequentially Secreted Every 24 h during Blood Feeding.
Ixodes scapularis is the most medically important tick species and transmits five of the 14 reportable human tick borne disease (TBD) agents in the USA. This study describes LC-MS/MS identification of 582 tick- and 83 rabbit proteins in saliva of I. scapularis ticks that fed for 24, 48, 72, 96, and...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:765c65d16720475facc7ebb2f429496d 2023-05-15T15:14:16+02:00 Ixodes scapularis Tick Saliva Proteins Sequentially Secreted Every 24 h during Blood Feeding. Tae Kwon Kim Lucas Tirloni Antônio F M Pinto James Moresco John R Yates Itabajara da Silva Vaz Albert Mulenga 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004323 https://doaj.org/article/765c65d16720475facc7ebb2f429496d EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4709002?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004323 https://doaj.org/article/765c65d16720475facc7ebb2f429496d PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 1, p e0004323 (2016) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2016 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004323 2022-12-31T01:32:11Z Ixodes scapularis is the most medically important tick species and transmits five of the 14 reportable human tick borne disease (TBD) agents in the USA. This study describes LC-MS/MS identification of 582 tick- and 83 rabbit proteins in saliva of I. scapularis ticks that fed for 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h, as well as engorged but not detached (BD), and spontaneously detached (SD). The 582 tick proteins include proteases (5.7%), protease inhibitors (7.4%), unknown function proteins (22%), immunity/antimicrobial (2.6%), lipocalin (3.1%), heme/iron binding (2.6%), extracellular matrix/ cell adhesion (2.2%), oxidant metabolism/ detoxification (6%), transporter/ receptor related (3.2%), cytoskeletal (5.5%), and housekeeping-like (39.7%). Notable observations include: (i) tick saliva proteins of unknown function accounting for >33% of total protein content, (ii) 79% of proteases are metalloproteases, (iii) 13% (76/582) of proteins in this study were found in saliva of other tick species and, (iv) ticks apparently selectively inject functionally similar but unique proteins every 24 h, which we speculate is the tick's antigenic variation equivalent strategy to protect important tick feeding functions from host immune system. The host immune responses to proteins present in 24 h I. scapularis saliva will not be effective at later feeding stages. Rabbit proteins identified in our study suggest the tick's strategic use of host proteins to modulate the feeding site. Notably fibrinogen, which is central to blood clotting and wound healing, was detected in high abundance in BD and SD saliva, when the tick is preparing to terminate feeding and detach from the host. A remarkable tick adaptation is that the feeding lesion is completely healed when the tick detaches from the host. Does the tick concentrate fibrinogen at the feeding site to aide in promoting healing of the feeding lesion? Overall, these data provide broad insight into molecular mechanisms regulating different tick feeding phases. These data set the foundation ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 10 1 e0004323 |
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English |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Tae Kwon Kim Lucas Tirloni Antônio F M Pinto James Moresco John R Yates Itabajara da Silva Vaz Albert Mulenga Ixodes scapularis Tick Saliva Proteins Sequentially Secreted Every 24 h during Blood Feeding. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Ixodes scapularis is the most medically important tick species and transmits five of the 14 reportable human tick borne disease (TBD) agents in the USA. This study describes LC-MS/MS identification of 582 tick- and 83 rabbit proteins in saliva of I. scapularis ticks that fed for 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h, as well as engorged but not detached (BD), and spontaneously detached (SD). The 582 tick proteins include proteases (5.7%), protease inhibitors (7.4%), unknown function proteins (22%), immunity/antimicrobial (2.6%), lipocalin (3.1%), heme/iron binding (2.6%), extracellular matrix/ cell adhesion (2.2%), oxidant metabolism/ detoxification (6%), transporter/ receptor related (3.2%), cytoskeletal (5.5%), and housekeeping-like (39.7%). Notable observations include: (i) tick saliva proteins of unknown function accounting for >33% of total protein content, (ii) 79% of proteases are metalloproteases, (iii) 13% (76/582) of proteins in this study were found in saliva of other tick species and, (iv) ticks apparently selectively inject functionally similar but unique proteins every 24 h, which we speculate is the tick's antigenic variation equivalent strategy to protect important tick feeding functions from host immune system. The host immune responses to proteins present in 24 h I. scapularis saliva will not be effective at later feeding stages. Rabbit proteins identified in our study suggest the tick's strategic use of host proteins to modulate the feeding site. Notably fibrinogen, which is central to blood clotting and wound healing, was detected in high abundance in BD and SD saliva, when the tick is preparing to terminate feeding and detach from the host. A remarkable tick adaptation is that the feeding lesion is completely healed when the tick detaches from the host. Does the tick concentrate fibrinogen at the feeding site to aide in promoting healing of the feeding lesion? Overall, these data provide broad insight into molecular mechanisms regulating different tick feeding phases. These data set the foundation ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Tae Kwon Kim Lucas Tirloni Antônio F M Pinto James Moresco John R Yates Itabajara da Silva Vaz Albert Mulenga |
author_facet |
Tae Kwon Kim Lucas Tirloni Antônio F M Pinto James Moresco John R Yates Itabajara da Silva Vaz Albert Mulenga |
author_sort |
Tae Kwon Kim |
title |
Ixodes scapularis Tick Saliva Proteins Sequentially Secreted Every 24 h during Blood Feeding. |
title_short |
Ixodes scapularis Tick Saliva Proteins Sequentially Secreted Every 24 h during Blood Feeding. |
title_full |
Ixodes scapularis Tick Saliva Proteins Sequentially Secreted Every 24 h during Blood Feeding. |
title_fullStr |
Ixodes scapularis Tick Saliva Proteins Sequentially Secreted Every 24 h during Blood Feeding. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ixodes scapularis Tick Saliva Proteins Sequentially Secreted Every 24 h during Blood Feeding. |
title_sort |
ixodes scapularis tick saliva proteins sequentially secreted every 24 h during blood feeding. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004323 https://doaj.org/article/765c65d16720475facc7ebb2f429496d |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 1, p e0004323 (2016) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4709002?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004323 https://doaj.org/article/765c65d16720475facc7ebb2f429496d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004323 |
container_title |
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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10 |
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1 |
container_start_page |
e0004323 |
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1766344732943843328 |