Access to artesunate-amodiaquine, quinine and other anti-malarials: policy and markets in Burundi
Abstract Background Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in post-conflict Burundi. To counter the increasing challenge of anti-malarial drug resistance and improve highly effective treatment Burundi adopted artesunate-amodiaquine (AS-AQ) as first-line treatment for uncomplicated P...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:76544d645920486abb5893a76288feca 2023-05-15T15:18:33+02:00 Access to artesunate-amodiaquine, quinine and other anti-malarials: policy and markets in Burundi Dismas Baza Karikari Patrick E Boakye Isaac Blay-Nguah Samuel Diap Graciela Amuasi John H Karenzo Jeanne Nsabiyumva Lievin Louie Karly S Kiechel Jean-René 2011-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-34 https://doaj.org/article/76544d645920486abb5893a76288feca EN eng BMC http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/34 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-34 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/76544d645920486abb5893a76288feca Malaria Journal, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 34 (2011) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2011 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-34 2022-12-31T08:35:48Z Abstract Background Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in post-conflict Burundi. To counter the increasing challenge of anti-malarial drug resistance and improve highly effective treatment Burundi adopted artesunate-amodiaquine (AS-AQ) as first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and oral quinine as second-line treatment in its national treatment policy in 2003. Uptake of this policy in the public, private and non-governmental (NGO) retail market sectors of Burundi is relatively unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate access to national policy recommended anti-malarials. Methods Adapting a standardized methodology developed by Health Action International/World Health Organization (HAI/WHO), a cross-sectional survey of 70 (24 public, 36 private, and 10 NGO) medicine outlets was conducted in three regions of Burundi, representing different levels of transmission of malaria. The availability on day of the survey, the median prices, and affordability (in terms of number of days' wages to purchase treatment) of AS-AQ, quinine and other anti-malarials were calculated. Results Anti-malarials were stocked in all outlets surveyed. AS-AQ was available in 87.5%, 33.3%, and 90% of public, private, and NGO retail outlets, respectively. Quinine was the most common anti-malarial found in all outlet types. Non-policy recommended anti-malarials were mainly found in the private outlets (38.9%) compared to public (4.2%) and NGO (0%) outlets. The median price of a course of AS-AQ was US$0.16 (200 Burundi Francs, FBu) for the public and NGO markets, and 3.5-fold higher in the private sector (US$0.56 or 700 FBu). Quinine tablets were similarly priced in the public (US$1.53 or 1,892.50 FBu), private and NGO sectors (both US$1.61 or 2,000 FBu). Non-policy anti-malarials were priced 50-fold higher than the price of AS-AQ in the public sector. A course of AS-AQ was affordable at 0.4 of a day's wage in the public and NGO sectors, whereas, it was equivalent to 1.5 days worth of wages in ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 10 1 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Dismas Baza Karikari Patrick E Boakye Isaac Blay-Nguah Samuel Diap Graciela Amuasi John H Karenzo Jeanne Nsabiyumva Lievin Louie Karly S Kiechel Jean-René Access to artesunate-amodiaquine, quinine and other anti-malarials: policy and markets in Burundi |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in post-conflict Burundi. To counter the increasing challenge of anti-malarial drug resistance and improve highly effective treatment Burundi adopted artesunate-amodiaquine (AS-AQ) as first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and oral quinine as second-line treatment in its national treatment policy in 2003. Uptake of this policy in the public, private and non-governmental (NGO) retail market sectors of Burundi is relatively unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate access to national policy recommended anti-malarials. Methods Adapting a standardized methodology developed by Health Action International/World Health Organization (HAI/WHO), a cross-sectional survey of 70 (24 public, 36 private, and 10 NGO) medicine outlets was conducted in three regions of Burundi, representing different levels of transmission of malaria. The availability on day of the survey, the median prices, and affordability (in terms of number of days' wages to purchase treatment) of AS-AQ, quinine and other anti-malarials were calculated. Results Anti-malarials were stocked in all outlets surveyed. AS-AQ was available in 87.5%, 33.3%, and 90% of public, private, and NGO retail outlets, respectively. Quinine was the most common anti-malarial found in all outlet types. Non-policy recommended anti-malarials were mainly found in the private outlets (38.9%) compared to public (4.2%) and NGO (0%) outlets. The median price of a course of AS-AQ was US$0.16 (200 Burundi Francs, FBu) for the public and NGO markets, and 3.5-fold higher in the private sector (US$0.56 or 700 FBu). Quinine tablets were similarly priced in the public (US$1.53 or 1,892.50 FBu), private and NGO sectors (both US$1.61 or 2,000 FBu). Non-policy anti-malarials were priced 50-fold higher than the price of AS-AQ in the public sector. A course of AS-AQ was affordable at 0.4 of a day's wage in the public and NGO sectors, whereas, it was equivalent to 1.5 days worth of wages in ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Dismas Baza Karikari Patrick E Boakye Isaac Blay-Nguah Samuel Diap Graciela Amuasi John H Karenzo Jeanne Nsabiyumva Lievin Louie Karly S Kiechel Jean-René |
author_facet |
Dismas Baza Karikari Patrick E Boakye Isaac Blay-Nguah Samuel Diap Graciela Amuasi John H Karenzo Jeanne Nsabiyumva Lievin Louie Karly S Kiechel Jean-René |
author_sort |
Dismas Baza |
title |
Access to artesunate-amodiaquine, quinine and other anti-malarials: policy and markets in Burundi |
title_short |
Access to artesunate-amodiaquine, quinine and other anti-malarials: policy and markets in Burundi |
title_full |
Access to artesunate-amodiaquine, quinine and other anti-malarials: policy and markets in Burundi |
title_fullStr |
Access to artesunate-amodiaquine, quinine and other anti-malarials: policy and markets in Burundi |
title_full_unstemmed |
Access to artesunate-amodiaquine, quinine and other anti-malarials: policy and markets in Burundi |
title_sort |
access to artesunate-amodiaquine, quinine and other anti-malarials: policy and markets in burundi |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-34 https://doaj.org/article/76544d645920486abb5893a76288feca |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 34 (2011) |
op_relation |
http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/34 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-34 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/76544d645920486abb5893a76288feca |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-34 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
10 |
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1 |
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1766348743541522432 |