Evaluation of KO-Tab 1-2-3 ® : a wash-resistant 'dip-it-yourself' insecticide formulation for long-lasting treatment of mosquito nets
Abstract Introduction Insecticide-treated nets (ITN) are an important method of preventing malaria. To remain effective, they need to be re-treated with pyrethroid insecticide at approximately yearly intervals. Systems for re-treating nets in Africa are limited, and the vast majority of nets in use...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:758be03915c54308aaabffe813c79a3e 2023-05-15T15:18:21+02:00 Evaluation of KO-Tab 1-2-3 ® : a wash-resistant 'dip-it-yourself' insecticide formulation for long-lasting treatment of mosquito nets Kaur Harparkash N'Guessan Raphael Yates Alison Akogbéto Martin Rowland Mark 2005-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-4-52 https://doaj.org/article/758be03915c54308aaabffe813c79a3e EN eng BMC http://www.malariajournal.com/content/4/1/52 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-4-52 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/758be03915c54308aaabffe813c79a3e Malaria Journal, Vol 4, Iss 1, p 52 (2005) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2005 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-4-52 2022-12-31T01:42:49Z Abstract Introduction Insecticide-treated nets (ITN) are an important method of preventing malaria. To remain effective, they need to be re-treated with pyrethroid insecticide at approximately yearly intervals. Systems for re-treating nets in Africa are limited, and the vast majority of nets in use have never been treated or were treated only once. Bayer Environmental Science (BES) has developed a long-lasting formulation 'KO-Tab 1-2-3 ® ' which can be applied to the net post-manufacture, under field conditions, and renders the insecticide wash-resistant. Methods The performance of polyester nets treated with three kinds of BES long-lasting formulations, a conventional ITN (treated with standard KO-Tab) and PermaNet 2.0 were evaluated after washing samples of treated netting up to 30 times using standard WHO procedures. Performance was measured using 'three-minute exposure' and 'median time to knockdown' bioassay tests and by measuring the levels of deltamethrin using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Results The conventional ITN was largely stripped of deltamethrin within 5–10 washes and insecticidal efficacy in bioassay declined to suboptimal levels. With PermaNet and KO-Tab 1-2-3 the loss of deltamethrin was much slower: insecticide content halved within 20 washes and there was no loss of biological efficacy in three-minute exposure bioassays in WHO cylinders even after 30 washes. After 30 washes there remained on the netting 16% (4.4 mg/m 2 ) of the loading dose of KO-Tab 1-2-3 and 28% (18.8 mg/m 2 ) of the loading dose of PermaNet. Conclusion KO-Tab 1-2-3 was confirmed to be a long-lasting insecticide formulation. This finding raises the prospect of conventional polyester nets being converted into long-lasting insecticidal nets through simple dipping in the community or at home. This single development, if widely adopted, could transform the malaria control landscape in Africa and have a major impact on malaria. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 4 1 52 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Kaur Harparkash N'Guessan Raphael Yates Alison Akogbéto Martin Rowland Mark Evaluation of KO-Tab 1-2-3 ® : a wash-resistant 'dip-it-yourself' insecticide formulation for long-lasting treatment of mosquito nets |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Introduction Insecticide-treated nets (ITN) are an important method of preventing malaria. To remain effective, they need to be re-treated with pyrethroid insecticide at approximately yearly intervals. Systems for re-treating nets in Africa are limited, and the vast majority of nets in use have never been treated or were treated only once. Bayer Environmental Science (BES) has developed a long-lasting formulation 'KO-Tab 1-2-3 ® ' which can be applied to the net post-manufacture, under field conditions, and renders the insecticide wash-resistant. Methods The performance of polyester nets treated with three kinds of BES long-lasting formulations, a conventional ITN (treated with standard KO-Tab) and PermaNet 2.0 were evaluated after washing samples of treated netting up to 30 times using standard WHO procedures. Performance was measured using 'three-minute exposure' and 'median time to knockdown' bioassay tests and by measuring the levels of deltamethrin using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Results The conventional ITN was largely stripped of deltamethrin within 5–10 washes and insecticidal efficacy in bioassay declined to suboptimal levels. With PermaNet and KO-Tab 1-2-3 the loss of deltamethrin was much slower: insecticide content halved within 20 washes and there was no loss of biological efficacy in three-minute exposure bioassays in WHO cylinders even after 30 washes. After 30 washes there remained on the netting 16% (4.4 mg/m 2 ) of the loading dose of KO-Tab 1-2-3 and 28% (18.8 mg/m 2 ) of the loading dose of PermaNet. Conclusion KO-Tab 1-2-3 was confirmed to be a long-lasting insecticide formulation. This finding raises the prospect of conventional polyester nets being converted into long-lasting insecticidal nets through simple dipping in the community or at home. This single development, if widely adopted, could transform the malaria control landscape in Africa and have a major impact on malaria. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kaur Harparkash N'Guessan Raphael Yates Alison Akogbéto Martin Rowland Mark |
author_facet |
Kaur Harparkash N'Guessan Raphael Yates Alison Akogbéto Martin Rowland Mark |
author_sort |
Kaur Harparkash |
title |
Evaluation of KO-Tab 1-2-3 ® : a wash-resistant 'dip-it-yourself' insecticide formulation for long-lasting treatment of mosquito nets |
title_short |
Evaluation of KO-Tab 1-2-3 ® : a wash-resistant 'dip-it-yourself' insecticide formulation for long-lasting treatment of mosquito nets |
title_full |
Evaluation of KO-Tab 1-2-3 ® : a wash-resistant 'dip-it-yourself' insecticide formulation for long-lasting treatment of mosquito nets |
title_fullStr |
Evaluation of KO-Tab 1-2-3 ® : a wash-resistant 'dip-it-yourself' insecticide formulation for long-lasting treatment of mosquito nets |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of KO-Tab 1-2-3 ® : a wash-resistant 'dip-it-yourself' insecticide formulation for long-lasting treatment of mosquito nets |
title_sort |
evaluation of ko-tab 1-2-3 ® : a wash-resistant 'dip-it-yourself' insecticide formulation for long-lasting treatment of mosquito nets |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-4-52 https://doaj.org/article/758be03915c54308aaabffe813c79a3e |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 4, Iss 1, p 52 (2005) |
op_relation |
http://www.malariajournal.com/content/4/1/52 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-4-52 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/758be03915c54308aaabffe813c79a3e |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-4-52 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
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4 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
52 |
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1766348546978611200 |