Isometamidium chloride and homidium chloride fail to cure mice infected with Ethiopian Trypanosoma evansi type A and B.
BACKGROUND:Trypanosoma evansi is mechanically transmitted by biting flies and affects camels, equines, and other domestic and wild animals in which it causes a disease called surra. At least two types of Trypanosoma evansi circulate in Ethiopia: type A, which is present in Africa, Latin America and...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7548345f023e4e598caed047f9e4b41e 2023-05-15T15:15:14+02:00 Isometamidium chloride and homidium chloride fail to cure mice infected with Ethiopian Trypanosoma evansi type A and B. Gebrekrustos Mekonnen Elmi Fahiye Mohammed Weldu Kidane Awol Nesibu Hagos Yohannes Nick Van Reet Philippe Büscher Hadush Birhanu 2018-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006790 https://doaj.org/article/7548345f023e4e598caed047f9e4b41e EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6152993?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006790 https://doaj.org/article/7548345f023e4e598caed047f9e4b41e PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 12, Iss 9, p e0006790 (2018) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006790 2022-12-31T13:05:45Z BACKGROUND:Trypanosoma evansi is mechanically transmitted by biting flies and affects camels, equines, and other domestic and wild animals in which it causes a disease called surra. At least two types of Trypanosoma evansi circulate in Ethiopia: type A, which is present in Africa, Latin America and Asia, and type B, which is prevalent in Eastern Africa. Currently, no information is available about the drug sensitivity of any Ethiopian T. evansi type. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:This study was conducted with the objective of determining the in vivo drug sensitivity of two T. evansi type A and two type B stocks that were isolated from camels from the Tigray and Afar regions of Northern Ethiopia. We investigated the efficacy of four trypanocidal drugs to cure T. evansi infected mice: melarsamine hydrochloride (Cymelarsan), diminazene diaceturate (Veriben and Sequzene), isometamidium chloride (Veridium) and homidium chloride (Bovidium). Per experimental group, 6 mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with trypanosomes, treated at first peak parasitemia by daily drug injections for 4 consecutive days and followed-up for 60 days. Cymelarsan at 2 mg/kg and Veriben at 20 mg/kg cured all mice infected with any T. evansi stock, while Sequzene at 20 mg/kg caused relapses in all T. evansi stocks. In contrast, Veridium and Bovidium at 1 mg/kg failed to cure any T. evansi infection in mice. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:We conclude that mice infected with Ethiopian T. evansi can be cured with Cymelarsan and Veriben regardless of T. evansi type. In contrast, Veridium and Bovidium are not efficacious to cure any T. evansi type. Although innate resistance to phenanthridines was previously described for T. evansi type A, this report is the first study to show that this phenomenom also occurs in T. evansi type B infections. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 12 9 e0006790 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Gebrekrustos Mekonnen Elmi Fahiye Mohammed Weldu Kidane Awol Nesibu Hagos Yohannes Nick Van Reet Philippe Büscher Hadush Birhanu Isometamidium chloride and homidium chloride fail to cure mice infected with Ethiopian Trypanosoma evansi type A and B. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
BACKGROUND:Trypanosoma evansi is mechanically transmitted by biting flies and affects camels, equines, and other domestic and wild animals in which it causes a disease called surra. At least two types of Trypanosoma evansi circulate in Ethiopia: type A, which is present in Africa, Latin America and Asia, and type B, which is prevalent in Eastern Africa. Currently, no information is available about the drug sensitivity of any Ethiopian T. evansi type. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:This study was conducted with the objective of determining the in vivo drug sensitivity of two T. evansi type A and two type B stocks that were isolated from camels from the Tigray and Afar regions of Northern Ethiopia. We investigated the efficacy of four trypanocidal drugs to cure T. evansi infected mice: melarsamine hydrochloride (Cymelarsan), diminazene diaceturate (Veriben and Sequzene), isometamidium chloride (Veridium) and homidium chloride (Bovidium). Per experimental group, 6 mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with trypanosomes, treated at first peak parasitemia by daily drug injections for 4 consecutive days and followed-up for 60 days. Cymelarsan at 2 mg/kg and Veriben at 20 mg/kg cured all mice infected with any T. evansi stock, while Sequzene at 20 mg/kg caused relapses in all T. evansi stocks. In contrast, Veridium and Bovidium at 1 mg/kg failed to cure any T. evansi infection in mice. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:We conclude that mice infected with Ethiopian T. evansi can be cured with Cymelarsan and Veriben regardless of T. evansi type. In contrast, Veridium and Bovidium are not efficacious to cure any T. evansi type. Although innate resistance to phenanthridines was previously described for T. evansi type A, this report is the first study to show that this phenomenom also occurs in T. evansi type B infections. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Gebrekrustos Mekonnen Elmi Fahiye Mohammed Weldu Kidane Awol Nesibu Hagos Yohannes Nick Van Reet Philippe Büscher Hadush Birhanu |
author_facet |
Gebrekrustos Mekonnen Elmi Fahiye Mohammed Weldu Kidane Awol Nesibu Hagos Yohannes Nick Van Reet Philippe Büscher Hadush Birhanu |
author_sort |
Gebrekrustos Mekonnen |
title |
Isometamidium chloride and homidium chloride fail to cure mice infected with Ethiopian Trypanosoma evansi type A and B. |
title_short |
Isometamidium chloride and homidium chloride fail to cure mice infected with Ethiopian Trypanosoma evansi type A and B. |
title_full |
Isometamidium chloride and homidium chloride fail to cure mice infected with Ethiopian Trypanosoma evansi type A and B. |
title_fullStr |
Isometamidium chloride and homidium chloride fail to cure mice infected with Ethiopian Trypanosoma evansi type A and B. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Isometamidium chloride and homidium chloride fail to cure mice infected with Ethiopian Trypanosoma evansi type A and B. |
title_sort |
isometamidium chloride and homidium chloride fail to cure mice infected with ethiopian trypanosoma evansi type a and b. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006790 https://doaj.org/article/7548345f023e4e598caed047f9e4b41e |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 12, Iss 9, p e0006790 (2018) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6152993?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006790 https://doaj.org/article/7548345f023e4e598caed047f9e4b41e |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006790 |
container_title |
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
e0006790 |
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1766345603897360384 |