Elimination of Onchocerciasis from Mexico.
BACKGROUND:Mexico is one of the six countries formerly endemic for onchocerciasis in Latin America. Transmission has been interrupted in the three endemic foci of that country and mass drug distribution has ceased. Three years after mass drug distribution ended, post-treatment surveillance (PTS) sur...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:75453c028ccd4eecb26a8d70f2632a60 2023-05-15T15:12:35+02:00 Elimination of Onchocerciasis from Mexico. Mario A Rodríguez-Pérez Nadia A Fernández-Santos María E Orozco-Algarra José A Rodríguez-Atanacio Alfredo Domínguez-Vázquez Kristel B Rodríguez-Morales Olga Real-Najarro Francisco G Prado-Velasco Eddie W Cupp Frank O Richards Hassan K Hassan Jesús F González-Roldán Pablo A Kuri-Morales Thomas R Unnasch 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003922 https://doaj.org/article/75453c028ccd4eecb26a8d70f2632a60 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4498594?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003922 https://doaj.org/article/75453c028ccd4eecb26a8d70f2632a60 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 9, Iss 7, p e0003922 (2015) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2015 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003922 2022-12-31T01:35:42Z BACKGROUND:Mexico is one of the six countries formerly endemic for onchocerciasis in Latin America. Transmission has been interrupted in the three endemic foci of that country and mass drug distribution has ceased. Three years after mass drug distribution ended, post-treatment surveillance (PTS) surveys were undertaken which employed entomological indicators to check for transmission recrudescence. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:In-depth entomologic assessments were performed in 18 communities in the three endemic foci of Mexico. None of the 108,212 Simulium ochraceum s.l. collected from the three foci were found to contain parasite DNA when tested by polymerase chain reaction-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA), resulting in a maximum upper bound of the 95% confidence interval (95%-ULCI) of the infective rate in the vectors of 0.035/2,000 flies examined. This is an order of magnitude below the threshold of a 95%-ULCI of less than one infective fly per 2,000 flies tested, the current entomological criterion for interruption of transmission developed by the international community. The point estimate of seasonal transmission potential (STP) was zero, and the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval for the STP ranged from 1.2 to 1.7 L3/person/season in the different foci. This value is below all previous estimates for the minimum transmission potential required to maintain the parasite population. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:The results from the in-depth entomological post treatment surveillance surveys strongly suggest that transmission has not resumed in the three foci of Mexico during the three years since the last distribution of ivermectin occurred; it was concluded that transmission remains undetectable without intervention, and Onchocerca volvulus has been eliminated from Mexico. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 9 7 e0003922 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
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English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Mario A Rodríguez-Pérez Nadia A Fernández-Santos María E Orozco-Algarra José A Rodríguez-Atanacio Alfredo Domínguez-Vázquez Kristel B Rodríguez-Morales Olga Real-Najarro Francisco G Prado-Velasco Eddie W Cupp Frank O Richards Hassan K Hassan Jesús F González-Roldán Pablo A Kuri-Morales Thomas R Unnasch Elimination of Onchocerciasis from Mexico. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
BACKGROUND:Mexico is one of the six countries formerly endemic for onchocerciasis in Latin America. Transmission has been interrupted in the three endemic foci of that country and mass drug distribution has ceased. Three years after mass drug distribution ended, post-treatment surveillance (PTS) surveys were undertaken which employed entomological indicators to check for transmission recrudescence. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:In-depth entomologic assessments were performed in 18 communities in the three endemic foci of Mexico. None of the 108,212 Simulium ochraceum s.l. collected from the three foci were found to contain parasite DNA when tested by polymerase chain reaction-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA), resulting in a maximum upper bound of the 95% confidence interval (95%-ULCI) of the infective rate in the vectors of 0.035/2,000 flies examined. This is an order of magnitude below the threshold of a 95%-ULCI of less than one infective fly per 2,000 flies tested, the current entomological criterion for interruption of transmission developed by the international community. The point estimate of seasonal transmission potential (STP) was zero, and the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval for the STP ranged from 1.2 to 1.7 L3/person/season in the different foci. This value is below all previous estimates for the minimum transmission potential required to maintain the parasite population. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:The results from the in-depth entomological post treatment surveillance surveys strongly suggest that transmission has not resumed in the three foci of Mexico during the three years since the last distribution of ivermectin occurred; it was concluded that transmission remains undetectable without intervention, and Onchocerca volvulus has been eliminated from Mexico. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Mario A Rodríguez-Pérez Nadia A Fernández-Santos María E Orozco-Algarra José A Rodríguez-Atanacio Alfredo Domínguez-Vázquez Kristel B Rodríguez-Morales Olga Real-Najarro Francisco G Prado-Velasco Eddie W Cupp Frank O Richards Hassan K Hassan Jesús F González-Roldán Pablo A Kuri-Morales Thomas R Unnasch |
author_facet |
Mario A Rodríguez-Pérez Nadia A Fernández-Santos María E Orozco-Algarra José A Rodríguez-Atanacio Alfredo Domínguez-Vázquez Kristel B Rodríguez-Morales Olga Real-Najarro Francisco G Prado-Velasco Eddie W Cupp Frank O Richards Hassan K Hassan Jesús F González-Roldán Pablo A Kuri-Morales Thomas R Unnasch |
author_sort |
Mario A Rodríguez-Pérez |
title |
Elimination of Onchocerciasis from Mexico. |
title_short |
Elimination of Onchocerciasis from Mexico. |
title_full |
Elimination of Onchocerciasis from Mexico. |
title_fullStr |
Elimination of Onchocerciasis from Mexico. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Elimination of Onchocerciasis from Mexico. |
title_sort |
elimination of onchocerciasis from mexico. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003922 https://doaj.org/article/75453c028ccd4eecb26a8d70f2632a60 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 9, Iss 7, p e0003922 (2015) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4498594?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003922 https://doaj.org/article/75453c028ccd4eecb26a8d70f2632a60 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003922 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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9 |
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7 |
container_start_page |
e0003922 |
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1766343251543982080 |