Scientific Opinion on infectious salmon anaemia (ISA)
Atlantic salmon is the only species in which the disease infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) has been observed naturally. Initial reports of findings of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) before 2002, did not distinguish between non virulent HPR0 and virulent HPRΔ viruses, thus making interpretation...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:74e219190be540ee862bebaac010d6c6 2023-05-15T15:30:42+02:00 Scientific Opinion on infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) 2012-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2971 https://doaj.org/article/74e219190be540ee862bebaac010d6c6 EN eng Wiley http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/2971.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1831-4732 doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2971 1831-4732 https://doaj.org/article/74e219190be540ee862bebaac010d6c6 EFSA Journal, Vol 10, Iss 11 (2012) infectious salmon anaemia virus isavirus virulence highly polymorphic region HPR0 Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Chemical technology TP1-1185 article 2012 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2971 2022-12-31T06:58:31Z Atlantic salmon is the only species in which the disease infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) has been observed naturally. Initial reports of findings of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) before 2002, did not distinguish between non virulent HPR0 and virulent HPRΔ viruses, thus making interpretation of older findings difficult in the light of current knowledge. Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the relationship between HPR0 and HPRΔ, the risk of HPRΔ ISAV emerging from HPR0 ISAV, and possible risk factors for such an emergence. HPR0 ISAV does not cause clinical disease in Atlantic salmon; however, it causes a transient subclinical infection and replicates mainly in gills. There is no evidence for HPR0 ISAV leading to natural infection and replication in fish species other than Atlantic salmon. Virulent ISAV have deletions in the HPR region of the HE gene and they have either an insertion or the Q266L mutation in the F gene. The most plausible hypothesis is that virulent ISAV (HPRΔ) is derived from HPR0 ISAV. This is further supported by the close association between the genetic relatedness and spatio-temporal distances of virus strains in solitary outbreaks. Epidemiological and historical data from solitary disease outbreaks indicates that the risk of HPRΔ ISAV emerging from HPR0 is low, but not negligible. The risk factors for HPRΔ emergence from HPR0 are unknown. Nevertheless, any factor that affects virus replication or host susceptibility could possibly influence the risk of emergence. More research is needed on the drivers for transition from HPR0 to HPRΔ and factors affecting host susceptibility and thereby emergence of clinical disease. A quantitative assessment of the different evolutionary forces for ISA would be useful, as well as the prevalence of ISAV HPR0 in farmed and wild Atlantic salmon. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles EFSA Journal 10 11 2971 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
infectious salmon anaemia virus isavirus virulence highly polymorphic region HPR0 Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Chemical technology TP1-1185 |
spellingShingle |
infectious salmon anaemia virus isavirus virulence highly polymorphic region HPR0 Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Chemical technology TP1-1185 EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) Scientific Opinion on infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) |
topic_facet |
infectious salmon anaemia virus isavirus virulence highly polymorphic region HPR0 Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Chemical technology TP1-1185 |
description |
Atlantic salmon is the only species in which the disease infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) has been observed naturally. Initial reports of findings of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) before 2002, did not distinguish between non virulent HPR0 and virulent HPRΔ viruses, thus making interpretation of older findings difficult in the light of current knowledge. Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the relationship between HPR0 and HPRΔ, the risk of HPRΔ ISAV emerging from HPR0 ISAV, and possible risk factors for such an emergence. HPR0 ISAV does not cause clinical disease in Atlantic salmon; however, it causes a transient subclinical infection and replicates mainly in gills. There is no evidence for HPR0 ISAV leading to natural infection and replication in fish species other than Atlantic salmon. Virulent ISAV have deletions in the HPR region of the HE gene and they have either an insertion or the Q266L mutation in the F gene. The most plausible hypothesis is that virulent ISAV (HPRΔ) is derived from HPR0 ISAV. This is further supported by the close association between the genetic relatedness and spatio-temporal distances of virus strains in solitary outbreaks. Epidemiological and historical data from solitary disease outbreaks indicates that the risk of HPRΔ ISAV emerging from HPR0 is low, but not negligible. The risk factors for HPRΔ emergence from HPR0 are unknown. Nevertheless, any factor that affects virus replication or host susceptibility could possibly influence the risk of emergence. More research is needed on the drivers for transition from HPR0 to HPRΔ and factors affecting host susceptibility and thereby emergence of clinical disease. A quantitative assessment of the different evolutionary forces for ISA would be useful, as well as the prevalence of ISAV HPR0 in farmed and wild Atlantic salmon. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) |
author_facet |
EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) |
author_sort |
EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) |
title |
Scientific Opinion on infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) |
title_short |
Scientific Opinion on infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) |
title_full |
Scientific Opinion on infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) |
title_fullStr |
Scientific Opinion on infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Scientific Opinion on infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) |
title_sort |
scientific opinion on infectious salmon anaemia (isa) |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2971 https://doaj.org/article/74e219190be540ee862bebaac010d6c6 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
EFSA Journal, Vol 10, Iss 11 (2012) |
op_relation |
http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/2971.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1831-4732 doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2971 1831-4732 https://doaj.org/article/74e219190be540ee862bebaac010d6c6 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2971 |
container_title |
EFSA Journal |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
2971 |
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1766361151515394048 |