Gap-Filling of 8-Day Terra MODIS Daytime Land Surface Temperature in High-Latitude Cold Region with Generalized Additive Models (GAM)
Land surface temperature (LST) is a crucial parameter driving the dynamics of the thermal state on land surface. In high-latitude cold region, a long-term, stable LST product is of great importance in examining the distribution and degradation of permafrost under pressure of global warming. In this...
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MDPI AG
2021
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183667 https://doaj.org/article/74b9a08c8b554c2bb45a731ba367f2cc |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:74b9a08c8b554c2bb45a731ba367f2cc 2023-05-15T17:57:42+02:00 Gap-Filling of 8-Day Terra MODIS Daytime Land Surface Temperature in High-Latitude Cold Region with Generalized Additive Models (GAM) Dianfan Guo Cuizhen Wang Shuying Zang Jinxi Hua Zhenghan Lv Yue Lin 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183667 https://doaj.org/article/74b9a08c8b554c2bb45a731ba367f2cc EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3667 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs13183667 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/74b9a08c8b554c2bb45a731ba367f2cc Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 3667, p 3667 (2021) MODIS LST ERA5 Land Skin Temperature generalized additive model (GAM) Amur River Basin Science Q article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183667 2022-12-30T20:18:16Z Land surface temperature (LST) is a crucial parameter driving the dynamics of the thermal state on land surface. In high-latitude cold region, a long-term, stable LST product is of great importance in examining the distribution and degradation of permafrost under pressure of global warming. In this study, a generalized additive model (GAM) approach was developed to fill the missing pixels of the MODIS/Terra 8-day Land Surface Temperature (MODIS LST) daytime products with the ERA5 Land Skin Temperature (ERA5ST) dataset in a high-latitude watershed in Eurasia. Comparison at valid pixels revealed that the MODIS LST was 4.8–13.0 °C higher than ERA5ST, which varies with land covers and seasons. The GAM models fairly explained the LST differences between the two products from multiple covariates including satellite-extracted environmental variables (i.e., normalized difference water index (NDWI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference snow index (NDSI) as well as locational information. Considering the dramatic seasonal variation of vegetation and frequent snow in the cold region, the gap-filling was conducted in two seasons. The results revealed the root mean square errors (RMSE) of 2.7 °C and 3.4 °C between the valid MODIS LST and GAM-simulated LST data in the growing season and snowing season, respectively. By including the satellite-extracted land surface information in the GAM model, localized variations of land surface temperature that are often lost in the reanalysis data were effectively compensated. Specifically, land surface wetness (NDWI) was found to be the greatest contributor to explaining the differences between the two products. Vegetation (NDVI) was useful in the growing season and snow cover (NDSI) cannot be ignored in the snow season of the study region. The km-scale gap-filled MODIS LST products provide spatially and temporally continuous details that are useful for monitoring permafrost degradation in cold regions in scenarios of global climate change. Article in Journal/Newspaper permafrost Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Gam ENVELOPE(-57.955,-57.955,-61.923,-61.923) Remote Sensing 13 18 3667 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
MODIS LST ERA5 Land Skin Temperature generalized additive model (GAM) Amur River Basin Science Q |
spellingShingle |
MODIS LST ERA5 Land Skin Temperature generalized additive model (GAM) Amur River Basin Science Q Dianfan Guo Cuizhen Wang Shuying Zang Jinxi Hua Zhenghan Lv Yue Lin Gap-Filling of 8-Day Terra MODIS Daytime Land Surface Temperature in High-Latitude Cold Region with Generalized Additive Models (GAM) |
topic_facet |
MODIS LST ERA5 Land Skin Temperature generalized additive model (GAM) Amur River Basin Science Q |
description |
Land surface temperature (LST) is a crucial parameter driving the dynamics of the thermal state on land surface. In high-latitude cold region, a long-term, stable LST product is of great importance in examining the distribution and degradation of permafrost under pressure of global warming. In this study, a generalized additive model (GAM) approach was developed to fill the missing pixels of the MODIS/Terra 8-day Land Surface Temperature (MODIS LST) daytime products with the ERA5 Land Skin Temperature (ERA5ST) dataset in a high-latitude watershed in Eurasia. Comparison at valid pixels revealed that the MODIS LST was 4.8–13.0 °C higher than ERA5ST, which varies with land covers and seasons. The GAM models fairly explained the LST differences between the two products from multiple covariates including satellite-extracted environmental variables (i.e., normalized difference water index (NDWI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference snow index (NDSI) as well as locational information. Considering the dramatic seasonal variation of vegetation and frequent snow in the cold region, the gap-filling was conducted in two seasons. The results revealed the root mean square errors (RMSE) of 2.7 °C and 3.4 °C between the valid MODIS LST and GAM-simulated LST data in the growing season and snowing season, respectively. By including the satellite-extracted land surface information in the GAM model, localized variations of land surface temperature that are often lost in the reanalysis data were effectively compensated. Specifically, land surface wetness (NDWI) was found to be the greatest contributor to explaining the differences between the two products. Vegetation (NDVI) was useful in the growing season and snow cover (NDSI) cannot be ignored in the snow season of the study region. The km-scale gap-filled MODIS LST products provide spatially and temporally continuous details that are useful for monitoring permafrost degradation in cold regions in scenarios of global climate change. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Dianfan Guo Cuizhen Wang Shuying Zang Jinxi Hua Zhenghan Lv Yue Lin |
author_facet |
Dianfan Guo Cuizhen Wang Shuying Zang Jinxi Hua Zhenghan Lv Yue Lin |
author_sort |
Dianfan Guo |
title |
Gap-Filling of 8-Day Terra MODIS Daytime Land Surface Temperature in High-Latitude Cold Region with Generalized Additive Models (GAM) |
title_short |
Gap-Filling of 8-Day Terra MODIS Daytime Land Surface Temperature in High-Latitude Cold Region with Generalized Additive Models (GAM) |
title_full |
Gap-Filling of 8-Day Terra MODIS Daytime Land Surface Temperature in High-Latitude Cold Region with Generalized Additive Models (GAM) |
title_fullStr |
Gap-Filling of 8-Day Terra MODIS Daytime Land Surface Temperature in High-Latitude Cold Region with Generalized Additive Models (GAM) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gap-Filling of 8-Day Terra MODIS Daytime Land Surface Temperature in High-Latitude Cold Region with Generalized Additive Models (GAM) |
title_sort |
gap-filling of 8-day terra modis daytime land surface temperature in high-latitude cold region with generalized additive models (gam) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183667 https://doaj.org/article/74b9a08c8b554c2bb45a731ba367f2cc |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-57.955,-57.955,-61.923,-61.923) |
geographic |
Gam |
geographic_facet |
Gam |
genre |
permafrost |
genre_facet |
permafrost |
op_source |
Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 3667, p 3667 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3667 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs13183667 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/74b9a08c8b554c2bb45a731ba367f2cc |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183667 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
18 |
container_start_page |
3667 |
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1766166192240721920 |