Microbial Community Responses to Increased Water and Organic Matter in the Arid Soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
The soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica are an extreme polar desert, inhabited exclusively by microscopic taxa. This region is on the threshold of anticipated climate change, with glacial melt, permafrost thaw, and the melting of massive buried ice increasing liquid water availability and m...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:73e8771e9aa7430aa91911782d2472e6 2023-05-15T13:56:14+02:00 Microbial Community Responses to Increased Water and Organic Matter in the Arid Soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica Heather N Buelow Ara S Kooser David J Van Horn John E Barrett Michael N Gooseff Egbert Schwartz Cristina D Takacs-Vesbach 2016-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01040 https://doaj.org/article/73e8771e9aa7430aa91911782d2472e6 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01040/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X 1664-302X doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01040 https://doaj.org/article/73e8771e9aa7430aa91911782d2472e6 Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 7 (2016) microbial ecology metatranscriptomics Antarctica Soils in hyper-arid regions Amendments Microbiology QR1-502 article 2016 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01040 2022-12-31T10:19:18Z The soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica are an extreme polar desert, inhabited exclusively by microscopic taxa. This region is on the threshold of anticipated climate change, with glacial melt, permafrost thaw, and the melting of massive buried ice increasing liquid water availability and mobilizing soil nutrients. Experimental water and organic matter (OM) amendments were applied to investigate how these climate change effects may impact the soil communities. To identify active taxa and their functions, total community RNA transcripts were sequenced and annotated, and amended soils were compared with unamended control soils using differential abundance and expression analyses. Overall, taxonomic diversity declined with amendments of water and organic matter. The domain Bacteria increased with both amendments while Eukaryota declined from 38% of all taxa in control soils to 8% and 11% in water and OM amended soils, respectively. Among bacterial phyla, Actinobacteria (59%) dominated water-amended soils and Firmicutes (45%) dominated OM amended soils. Three bacterial phyla (Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes) were primarily responsible for the observed positive functional responses, while eukaryotic taxa experienced the majority (27 of 34) of significant transcript losses. These results indicated that as climate changes in this region, a replacement of endemic taxa adapted to dry, oligotrophic conditions by generalist, copiotrophic taxa is likely. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Ice McMurdo Dry Valleys permafrost polar desert Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles McMurdo Dry Valleys Frontiers in Microbiology 7 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
microbial ecology metatranscriptomics Antarctica Soils in hyper-arid regions Amendments Microbiology QR1-502 |
spellingShingle |
microbial ecology metatranscriptomics Antarctica Soils in hyper-arid regions Amendments Microbiology QR1-502 Heather N Buelow Ara S Kooser David J Van Horn John E Barrett Michael N Gooseff Egbert Schwartz Cristina D Takacs-Vesbach Microbial Community Responses to Increased Water and Organic Matter in the Arid Soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica |
topic_facet |
microbial ecology metatranscriptomics Antarctica Soils in hyper-arid regions Amendments Microbiology QR1-502 |
description |
The soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica are an extreme polar desert, inhabited exclusively by microscopic taxa. This region is on the threshold of anticipated climate change, with glacial melt, permafrost thaw, and the melting of massive buried ice increasing liquid water availability and mobilizing soil nutrients. Experimental water and organic matter (OM) amendments were applied to investigate how these climate change effects may impact the soil communities. To identify active taxa and their functions, total community RNA transcripts were sequenced and annotated, and amended soils were compared with unamended control soils using differential abundance and expression analyses. Overall, taxonomic diversity declined with amendments of water and organic matter. The domain Bacteria increased with both amendments while Eukaryota declined from 38% of all taxa in control soils to 8% and 11% in water and OM amended soils, respectively. Among bacterial phyla, Actinobacteria (59%) dominated water-amended soils and Firmicutes (45%) dominated OM amended soils. Three bacterial phyla (Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes) were primarily responsible for the observed positive functional responses, while eukaryotic taxa experienced the majority (27 of 34) of significant transcript losses. These results indicated that as climate changes in this region, a replacement of endemic taxa adapted to dry, oligotrophic conditions by generalist, copiotrophic taxa is likely. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Heather N Buelow Ara S Kooser David J Van Horn John E Barrett Michael N Gooseff Egbert Schwartz Cristina D Takacs-Vesbach |
author_facet |
Heather N Buelow Ara S Kooser David J Van Horn John E Barrett Michael N Gooseff Egbert Schwartz Cristina D Takacs-Vesbach |
author_sort |
Heather N Buelow |
title |
Microbial Community Responses to Increased Water and Organic Matter in the Arid Soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica |
title_short |
Microbial Community Responses to Increased Water and Organic Matter in the Arid Soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica |
title_full |
Microbial Community Responses to Increased Water and Organic Matter in the Arid Soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica |
title_fullStr |
Microbial Community Responses to Increased Water and Organic Matter in the Arid Soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica |
title_full_unstemmed |
Microbial Community Responses to Increased Water and Organic Matter in the Arid Soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica |
title_sort |
microbial community responses to increased water and organic matter in the arid soils of the mcmurdo dry valleys, antarctica |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01040 https://doaj.org/article/73e8771e9aa7430aa91911782d2472e6 |
geographic |
McMurdo Dry Valleys |
geographic_facet |
McMurdo Dry Valleys |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Ice McMurdo Dry Valleys permafrost polar desert |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Ice McMurdo Dry Valleys permafrost polar desert |
op_source |
Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 7 (2016) |
op_relation |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01040/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X 1664-302X doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01040 https://doaj.org/article/73e8771e9aa7430aa91911782d2472e6 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01040 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
container_volume |
7 |
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1766263590943195136 |