Free-ranging pigs identified as a multi-reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense in the Vavoua area, a historical sleeping sickness focus of Côte d'Ivoire.
Background The existence of an animal reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T. b. gambiense), the agent of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), may compromise the interruption of transmission targeted by World Health Organization. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of trypano...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:73d9f15683d444ec86ccc2de38b236ca 2023-05-15T15:14:30+02:00 Free-ranging pigs identified as a multi-reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense in the Vavoua area, a historical sleeping sickness focus of Côte d'Ivoire. Barkissa Mélika Traoré Mathurin Koffi Martial Kassi N'Djetchi Dramane Kaba Jacques Kaboré Hamidou Ilboudo Bernadin Ahouty Ahouty Minayégninrin Koné Bamoro Coulibaly Thomas Konan Adeline Segard Lingué Kouakou Thierry De Meeûs Sophie Ravel Philippe Solano Jean-Mathieu Bart Vincent Jamonneau 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010036 https://doaj.org/article/73d9f15683d444ec86ccc2de38b236ca EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010036 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010036 https://doaj.org/article/73d9f15683d444ec86ccc2de38b236ca PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 12, p e0010036 (2021) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010036 2022-12-31T15:19:43Z Background The existence of an animal reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T. b. gambiense), the agent of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), may compromise the interruption of transmission targeted by World Health Organization. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of trypanosomes in pigs and people in the Vavoua HAT historical focus where cases were still diagnosed in the early 2010's. Methods For the human survey, we used the CATT, mini-anion exchange centrifugation technique and immune trypanolysis tests. For the animal survey, the buffy coat technique was also used as well as the PCR using Trypanosoma species specific, including the T. b. gambiense TgsGP detection using single round and nested PCRs, performed from animal blood samples and from strains isolated from subjects positive for parasitological investigations. Results No HAT cases were detected among 345 people tested. A total of 167 pigs were investigated. Free-ranging pigs appeared significantly more infected than pigs in pen. Over 70% of free-ranging pigs were positive for CATT and parasitological investigations and 27-43% were positive to trypanolysis depending on the antigen used. T. brucei was the most prevalent species (57%) followed by T. congolense (24%). Blood sample extracted DNA of T. brucei positive subjects were negative to single round TgsGP PCR. However, 1/22 and 6/22 isolated strains were positive with single round and nested TgsGP PCRs, respectively. Discussion Free-ranging pigs were identified as a multi-reservoir of T. brucei and/or T. congolense with mixed infections of different strains. This trypanosome diversity hinders the easy and direct detection of T. b. gambiense. We highlight the lack of tools to prove or exclude with certainty the presence of T. b. gambiense. This study once more highlights the need of technical improvements to explore the role of animals in the epidemiology of HAT. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15 12 e0010036 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Barkissa Mélika Traoré Mathurin Koffi Martial Kassi N'Djetchi Dramane Kaba Jacques Kaboré Hamidou Ilboudo Bernadin Ahouty Ahouty Minayégninrin Koné Bamoro Coulibaly Thomas Konan Adeline Segard Lingué Kouakou Thierry De Meeûs Sophie Ravel Philippe Solano Jean-Mathieu Bart Vincent Jamonneau Free-ranging pigs identified as a multi-reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense in the Vavoua area, a historical sleeping sickness focus of Côte d'Ivoire. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background The existence of an animal reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T. b. gambiense), the agent of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), may compromise the interruption of transmission targeted by World Health Organization. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of trypanosomes in pigs and people in the Vavoua HAT historical focus where cases were still diagnosed in the early 2010's. Methods For the human survey, we used the CATT, mini-anion exchange centrifugation technique and immune trypanolysis tests. For the animal survey, the buffy coat technique was also used as well as the PCR using Trypanosoma species specific, including the T. b. gambiense TgsGP detection using single round and nested PCRs, performed from animal blood samples and from strains isolated from subjects positive for parasitological investigations. Results No HAT cases were detected among 345 people tested. A total of 167 pigs were investigated. Free-ranging pigs appeared significantly more infected than pigs in pen. Over 70% of free-ranging pigs were positive for CATT and parasitological investigations and 27-43% were positive to trypanolysis depending on the antigen used. T. brucei was the most prevalent species (57%) followed by T. congolense (24%). Blood sample extracted DNA of T. brucei positive subjects were negative to single round TgsGP PCR. However, 1/22 and 6/22 isolated strains were positive with single round and nested TgsGP PCRs, respectively. Discussion Free-ranging pigs were identified as a multi-reservoir of T. brucei and/or T. congolense with mixed infections of different strains. This trypanosome diversity hinders the easy and direct detection of T. b. gambiense. We highlight the lack of tools to prove or exclude with certainty the presence of T. b. gambiense. This study once more highlights the need of technical improvements to explore the role of animals in the epidemiology of HAT. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Barkissa Mélika Traoré Mathurin Koffi Martial Kassi N'Djetchi Dramane Kaba Jacques Kaboré Hamidou Ilboudo Bernadin Ahouty Ahouty Minayégninrin Koné Bamoro Coulibaly Thomas Konan Adeline Segard Lingué Kouakou Thierry De Meeûs Sophie Ravel Philippe Solano Jean-Mathieu Bart Vincent Jamonneau |
author_facet |
Barkissa Mélika Traoré Mathurin Koffi Martial Kassi N'Djetchi Dramane Kaba Jacques Kaboré Hamidou Ilboudo Bernadin Ahouty Ahouty Minayégninrin Koné Bamoro Coulibaly Thomas Konan Adeline Segard Lingué Kouakou Thierry De Meeûs Sophie Ravel Philippe Solano Jean-Mathieu Bart Vincent Jamonneau |
author_sort |
Barkissa Mélika Traoré |
title |
Free-ranging pigs identified as a multi-reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense in the Vavoua area, a historical sleeping sickness focus of Côte d'Ivoire. |
title_short |
Free-ranging pigs identified as a multi-reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense in the Vavoua area, a historical sleeping sickness focus of Côte d'Ivoire. |
title_full |
Free-ranging pigs identified as a multi-reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense in the Vavoua area, a historical sleeping sickness focus of Côte d'Ivoire. |
title_fullStr |
Free-ranging pigs identified as a multi-reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense in the Vavoua area, a historical sleeping sickness focus of Côte d'Ivoire. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Free-ranging pigs identified as a multi-reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense in the Vavoua area, a historical sleeping sickness focus of Côte d'Ivoire. |
title_sort |
free-ranging pigs identified as a multi-reservoir of trypanosoma brucei and trypanosoma congolense in the vavoua area, a historical sleeping sickness focus of côte d'ivoire. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010036 https://doaj.org/article/73d9f15683d444ec86ccc2de38b236ca |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 12, p e0010036 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010036 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010036 https://doaj.org/article/73d9f15683d444ec86ccc2de38b236ca |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010036 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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12 |
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e0010036 |
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