The Arctic Ocean Observation Operator for 6.9 GHz (ARC3O) – Part 2: Development and evaluation
The observational uncertainty in sea ice concentration estimates from remotely sensed passive microwave brightness temperatures is a challenge for reliable climate model evaluation and initialization. To address this challenge, we introduce a new tool: the Arctic Ocean Observation Operator (ARC3O)....
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7354c325b6df434bbba5669d3bd80d7a 2023-05-15T14:55:35+02:00 The Arctic Ocean Observation Operator for 6.9 GHz (ARC3O) – Part 2: Development and evaluation C. Burgard D. Notz L. T. Pedersen R. T. Tonboe 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2387-2020 https://doaj.org/article/7354c325b6df434bbba5669d3bd80d7a EN eng Copernicus Publications https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/14/2387/2020/tc-14-2387-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-14-2387-2020 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/7354c325b6df434bbba5669d3bd80d7a The Cryosphere, Vol 14, Pp 2387-2407 (2020) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2387-2020 2022-12-31T01:31:17Z The observational uncertainty in sea ice concentration estimates from remotely sensed passive microwave brightness temperatures is a challenge for reliable climate model evaluation and initialization. To address this challenge, we introduce a new tool: the Arctic Ocean Observation Operator (ARC3O). ARC3O allows us to simulate brightness temperatures at 6.9 GHz at vertical polarization from standard output of an Earth System Model. To evaluate sources of uncertainties when applying ARC3O, we compare brightness temperatures simulated by applying ARC3O on three assimilation runs of the MPI Earth System Model (MPI-ESM), assimilated with three different sea ice concentration products, with brightness temperatures measured by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) from space. We find that the simulated and observed brightness temperatures differ up to 10 K in the period between October and June, depending on the region and the assimilation run. We show that these discrepancies between simulated and observed brightness temperature can be attributed mainly to the underlying observational uncertainty in sea ice concentration and, to a lesser extent, to the data assimilation process, rather than to biases in ARC3O itself. In summer, the discrepancies between simulated and observed brightness temperatures are larger than in winter and locally reach up to 20 K. This is caused by the very large observational uncertainty in summer sea ice concentration and the melt pond parametrization in MPI-ESM, which is not necessarily realistic. ARC3O is therefore capable of realistically translating the simulated Arctic Ocean climate state into one observable quantity for a more comprehensive climate model evaluation and initialization. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice The Cryosphere Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Arctic Ocean The Cryosphere 14 7 2387 2407 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 C. Burgard D. Notz L. T. Pedersen R. T. Tonboe The Arctic Ocean Observation Operator for 6.9 GHz (ARC3O) – Part 2: Development and evaluation |
topic_facet |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
The observational uncertainty in sea ice concentration estimates from remotely sensed passive microwave brightness temperatures is a challenge for reliable climate model evaluation and initialization. To address this challenge, we introduce a new tool: the Arctic Ocean Observation Operator (ARC3O). ARC3O allows us to simulate brightness temperatures at 6.9 GHz at vertical polarization from standard output of an Earth System Model. To evaluate sources of uncertainties when applying ARC3O, we compare brightness temperatures simulated by applying ARC3O on three assimilation runs of the MPI Earth System Model (MPI-ESM), assimilated with three different sea ice concentration products, with brightness temperatures measured by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) from space. We find that the simulated and observed brightness temperatures differ up to 10 K in the period between October and June, depending on the region and the assimilation run. We show that these discrepancies between simulated and observed brightness temperature can be attributed mainly to the underlying observational uncertainty in sea ice concentration and, to a lesser extent, to the data assimilation process, rather than to biases in ARC3O itself. In summer, the discrepancies between simulated and observed brightness temperatures are larger than in winter and locally reach up to 20 K. This is caused by the very large observational uncertainty in summer sea ice concentration and the melt pond parametrization in MPI-ESM, which is not necessarily realistic. ARC3O is therefore capable of realistically translating the simulated Arctic Ocean climate state into one observable quantity for a more comprehensive climate model evaluation and initialization. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
C. Burgard D. Notz L. T. Pedersen R. T. Tonboe |
author_facet |
C. Burgard D. Notz L. T. Pedersen R. T. Tonboe |
author_sort |
C. Burgard |
title |
The Arctic Ocean Observation Operator for 6.9 GHz (ARC3O) – Part 2: Development and evaluation |
title_short |
The Arctic Ocean Observation Operator for 6.9 GHz (ARC3O) – Part 2: Development and evaluation |
title_full |
The Arctic Ocean Observation Operator for 6.9 GHz (ARC3O) – Part 2: Development and evaluation |
title_fullStr |
The Arctic Ocean Observation Operator for 6.9 GHz (ARC3O) – Part 2: Development and evaluation |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Arctic Ocean Observation Operator for 6.9 GHz (ARC3O) – Part 2: Development and evaluation |
title_sort |
arctic ocean observation operator for 6.9 ghz (arc3o) – part 2: development and evaluation |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2387-2020 https://doaj.org/article/7354c325b6df434bbba5669d3bd80d7a |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 14, Pp 2387-2407 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/14/2387/2020/tc-14-2387-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-14-2387-2020 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/7354c325b6df434bbba5669d3bd80d7a |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2387-2020 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
2387 |
op_container_end_page |
2407 |
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