Reconstructing Long-Term Arctic Sea Ice Freeboard, Thickness, and Volume Changes from Envisat, CryoSat-2, and ICESat-2
Satellite altimeters have been used to monitor Arctic sea ice (ASI) thickness for several decades, but whether the different altimeter missions (such as radar and laser altimeters) are in agreement with each other and suitable for long-term research needs to be investigated. To analyze the spatiotem...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:72fff22ddabb46429a068dca9ea69fe6 2023-06-11T04:08:37+02:00 Reconstructing Long-Term Arctic Sea Ice Freeboard, Thickness, and Volume Changes from Envisat, CryoSat-2, and ICESat-2 Yanze Zhang Nengfang Chao Fupeng Li Lianzhe Yue Shuai Wang Gang Chen Zhengtao Wang Nan Yu Runzhi Sun Guichong Ouyang 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11050979 https://doaj.org/article/72fff22ddabb46429a068dca9ea69fe6 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/5/979 https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 doi:10.3390/jmse11050979 2077-1312 https://doaj.org/article/72fff22ddabb46429a068dca9ea69fe6 Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 11, Iss 979, p 979 (2023) Envisat/CryoSat-2/ICESat-2 sea ice freeboard and thickness sea ice volume arctic sea ice Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11050979 2023-05-28T00:33:50Z Satellite altimeters have been used to monitor Arctic sea ice (ASI) thickness for several decades, but whether the different altimeter missions (such as radar and laser altimeters) are in agreement with each other and suitable for long-term research needs to be investigated. To analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of ASI, continuous long-term first-year ice, and multi-year ice of ASI freeboard, thickness, and volume from 2002 to 2021 using the gridded nadirization method from Envisat, CryoSat-2, and ICESat-2, altimeter data are comprehensively constructed and assessed. The influences of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface wind field (SSW) on ASI are also discussed. The freeboard/thickness and extent/area of ASI all varied seasonally and reached their maximum and minimum in April and October, March and September, respectively. From 2002 to 2021, the freeboard, thickness, extent, and area of ASI all consistently showed downward trends, and sea ice volume decreased by 5437 km 3 /month. SST in the Arctic rose by 0.003 degrees C/month, and the sea ice changes lagged behind this temperature variation by one month between 2002 and 2021. The meridional winds blowing from the central Arctic region along the eastern coast of Greenland to the North Atlantic each month are consistent with changes in the freeboard and thickness of ASI. SST and SSW are two of the most critical factors driving sea ice changes. This study provides new data and technical support for monitoring ASI and exploring its response mechanisms to climate change. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Climate change Greenland North Atlantic Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Greenland Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11 5 979 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Envisat/CryoSat-2/ICESat-2 sea ice freeboard and thickness sea ice volume arctic sea ice Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 |
spellingShingle |
Envisat/CryoSat-2/ICESat-2 sea ice freeboard and thickness sea ice volume arctic sea ice Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 Yanze Zhang Nengfang Chao Fupeng Li Lianzhe Yue Shuai Wang Gang Chen Zhengtao Wang Nan Yu Runzhi Sun Guichong Ouyang Reconstructing Long-Term Arctic Sea Ice Freeboard, Thickness, and Volume Changes from Envisat, CryoSat-2, and ICESat-2 |
topic_facet |
Envisat/CryoSat-2/ICESat-2 sea ice freeboard and thickness sea ice volume arctic sea ice Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 |
description |
Satellite altimeters have been used to monitor Arctic sea ice (ASI) thickness for several decades, but whether the different altimeter missions (such as radar and laser altimeters) are in agreement with each other and suitable for long-term research needs to be investigated. To analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of ASI, continuous long-term first-year ice, and multi-year ice of ASI freeboard, thickness, and volume from 2002 to 2021 using the gridded nadirization method from Envisat, CryoSat-2, and ICESat-2, altimeter data are comprehensively constructed and assessed. The influences of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface wind field (SSW) on ASI are also discussed. The freeboard/thickness and extent/area of ASI all varied seasonally and reached their maximum and minimum in April and October, March and September, respectively. From 2002 to 2021, the freeboard, thickness, extent, and area of ASI all consistently showed downward trends, and sea ice volume decreased by 5437 km 3 /month. SST in the Arctic rose by 0.003 degrees C/month, and the sea ice changes lagged behind this temperature variation by one month between 2002 and 2021. The meridional winds blowing from the central Arctic region along the eastern coast of Greenland to the North Atlantic each month are consistent with changes in the freeboard and thickness of ASI. SST and SSW are two of the most critical factors driving sea ice changes. This study provides new data and technical support for monitoring ASI and exploring its response mechanisms to climate change. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Yanze Zhang Nengfang Chao Fupeng Li Lianzhe Yue Shuai Wang Gang Chen Zhengtao Wang Nan Yu Runzhi Sun Guichong Ouyang |
author_facet |
Yanze Zhang Nengfang Chao Fupeng Li Lianzhe Yue Shuai Wang Gang Chen Zhengtao Wang Nan Yu Runzhi Sun Guichong Ouyang |
author_sort |
Yanze Zhang |
title |
Reconstructing Long-Term Arctic Sea Ice Freeboard, Thickness, and Volume Changes from Envisat, CryoSat-2, and ICESat-2 |
title_short |
Reconstructing Long-Term Arctic Sea Ice Freeboard, Thickness, and Volume Changes from Envisat, CryoSat-2, and ICESat-2 |
title_full |
Reconstructing Long-Term Arctic Sea Ice Freeboard, Thickness, and Volume Changes from Envisat, CryoSat-2, and ICESat-2 |
title_fullStr |
Reconstructing Long-Term Arctic Sea Ice Freeboard, Thickness, and Volume Changes from Envisat, CryoSat-2, and ICESat-2 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Reconstructing Long-Term Arctic Sea Ice Freeboard, Thickness, and Volume Changes from Envisat, CryoSat-2, and ICESat-2 |
title_sort |
reconstructing long-term arctic sea ice freeboard, thickness, and volume changes from envisat, cryosat-2, and icesat-2 |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11050979 https://doaj.org/article/72fff22ddabb46429a068dca9ea69fe6 |
geographic |
Arctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Climate change Greenland North Atlantic Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change Greenland North Atlantic Sea ice |
op_source |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 11, Iss 979, p 979 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/5/979 https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 doi:10.3390/jmse11050979 2077-1312 https://doaj.org/article/72fff22ddabb46429a068dca9ea69fe6 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11050979 |
container_title |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
979 |
_version_ |
1768382006747463680 |