Improved status of the conservation reliant Oahu Elepaio through effective management and natural adaptation
Abstract The Oahu Elepaio (Chasiempis ibidis) is an endangered forest bird endemic to the Hawaiian island of Oahu. The two most serious threats to the Oahu Elepaio are nest predation by nonnative black rats (Rattus rattus) and avian pox (Avipoxvirus spp.), a disease carried by nonnative mosquitoes....
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:72dda64ebeb04c0d96213185dac1d3c9 2023-05-15T18:05:32+02:00 Improved status of the conservation reliant Oahu Elepaio through effective management and natural adaptation Eric A. VanderWerf Philip E. Taylor Jobriath L. Rohrer Erika Dittmar Matthew D. Burt 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12887 https://doaj.org/article/72dda64ebeb04c0d96213185dac1d3c9 EN eng Wiley https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12887 https://doaj.org/toc/2578-4854 2578-4854 doi:10.1111/csp2.12887 https://doaj.org/article/72dda64ebeb04c0d96213185dac1d3c9 Conservation Science and Practice, Vol 5, Iss 3, Pp n/a-n/a (2023) avian pox conservation reliant Hawaiian birds invasive predators nest success Oahu Elepaio Ecology QH540-549.5 General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12887 2023-03-05T01:31:25Z Abstract The Oahu Elepaio (Chasiempis ibidis) is an endangered forest bird endemic to the Hawaiian island of Oahu. The two most serious threats to the Oahu Elepaio are nest predation by nonnative black rats (Rattus rattus) and avian pox (Avipoxvirus spp.), a disease carried by nonnative mosquitoes. The Oahu Elepaio is conservation reliant because its continued existence depends on rat control. We used 27 years of data from 1995 to 2021 on pox prevalence, nest success, and fecundity with versus without rat control to reexamine the severity of these threats. Prevalence of avian pox declined over time. From 1995 to 2004, pox prevalence averaged 21% ± 4% per year and was positively related to annual rainfall. From 2005 to 2021, pox prevalence was only 2% ± 0.1% and despite several wet years there was no relationship with rainfall. The Oahu Elepaio appears to have evolved resistance to the pox variant currently in Hawaii. Elepaio nest success was higher with rat control (58% ± 1%) than without rat control (42% ± 6%). Nest success did not differ significantly between native tree species (52% ± 6%) and nonnative tree species (58% ± 6%) or between fruiting tree species (58% ± 1%) and nonfruiting species (61% ± 6%). Elepaio annual fecundity was higher with rat control (0.78 ± 0.02) than without rat control (0.48 ± 0.04) and varied among sites and years. The two primary threats to the species have been ameliorated through a combination of effective management and natural adaptation. The species' status should continue to improve if management is maintained, and someday, if patterns of natural adaptation continue, it could break free from conservation reliance. Article in Journal/Newspaper Rattus rattus Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Conservation Science and Practice 5 3 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
avian pox conservation reliant Hawaiian birds invasive predators nest success Oahu Elepaio Ecology QH540-549.5 General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
avian pox conservation reliant Hawaiian birds invasive predators nest success Oahu Elepaio Ecology QH540-549.5 General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Eric A. VanderWerf Philip E. Taylor Jobriath L. Rohrer Erika Dittmar Matthew D. Burt Improved status of the conservation reliant Oahu Elepaio through effective management and natural adaptation |
topic_facet |
avian pox conservation reliant Hawaiian birds invasive predators nest success Oahu Elepaio Ecology QH540-549.5 General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
Abstract The Oahu Elepaio (Chasiempis ibidis) is an endangered forest bird endemic to the Hawaiian island of Oahu. The two most serious threats to the Oahu Elepaio are nest predation by nonnative black rats (Rattus rattus) and avian pox (Avipoxvirus spp.), a disease carried by nonnative mosquitoes. The Oahu Elepaio is conservation reliant because its continued existence depends on rat control. We used 27 years of data from 1995 to 2021 on pox prevalence, nest success, and fecundity with versus without rat control to reexamine the severity of these threats. Prevalence of avian pox declined over time. From 1995 to 2004, pox prevalence averaged 21% ± 4% per year and was positively related to annual rainfall. From 2005 to 2021, pox prevalence was only 2% ± 0.1% and despite several wet years there was no relationship with rainfall. The Oahu Elepaio appears to have evolved resistance to the pox variant currently in Hawaii. Elepaio nest success was higher with rat control (58% ± 1%) than without rat control (42% ± 6%). Nest success did not differ significantly between native tree species (52% ± 6%) and nonnative tree species (58% ± 6%) or between fruiting tree species (58% ± 1%) and nonfruiting species (61% ± 6%). Elepaio annual fecundity was higher with rat control (0.78 ± 0.02) than without rat control (0.48 ± 0.04) and varied among sites and years. The two primary threats to the species have been ameliorated through a combination of effective management and natural adaptation. The species' status should continue to improve if management is maintained, and someday, if patterns of natural adaptation continue, it could break free from conservation reliance. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Eric A. VanderWerf Philip E. Taylor Jobriath L. Rohrer Erika Dittmar Matthew D. Burt |
author_facet |
Eric A. VanderWerf Philip E. Taylor Jobriath L. Rohrer Erika Dittmar Matthew D. Burt |
author_sort |
Eric A. VanderWerf |
title |
Improved status of the conservation reliant Oahu Elepaio through effective management and natural adaptation |
title_short |
Improved status of the conservation reliant Oahu Elepaio through effective management and natural adaptation |
title_full |
Improved status of the conservation reliant Oahu Elepaio through effective management and natural adaptation |
title_fullStr |
Improved status of the conservation reliant Oahu Elepaio through effective management and natural adaptation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Improved status of the conservation reliant Oahu Elepaio through effective management and natural adaptation |
title_sort |
improved status of the conservation reliant oahu elepaio through effective management and natural adaptation |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12887 https://doaj.org/article/72dda64ebeb04c0d96213185dac1d3c9 |
genre |
Rattus rattus |
genre_facet |
Rattus rattus |
op_source |
Conservation Science and Practice, Vol 5, Iss 3, Pp n/a-n/a (2023) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12887 https://doaj.org/toc/2578-4854 2578-4854 doi:10.1111/csp2.12887 https://doaj.org/article/72dda64ebeb04c0d96213185dac1d3c9 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12887 |
container_title |
Conservation Science and Practice |
container_volume |
5 |
container_issue |
3 |
_version_ |
1766177018378977280 |