Helminthic infections rates and malaria in HIV-infected pregnant women on anti-retroviral therapy in Rwanda.
BACKGROUND: Within sub-Saharan Africa, helminth and malaria infections cause considerable morbidity in HIV-positive pregnant women and their offspring. Helminth infections are also associated with a higher risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalenc...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:72ba7bd6bc104af2bd01ad2f5ac774c5 2023-05-15T15:15:41+02:00 Helminthic infections rates and malaria in HIV-infected pregnant women on anti-retroviral therapy in Rwanda. Emil Ivan Nigel J Crowther Eugene Mutimura Lawrence Obado Osuwat Saskia Janssen Martin P Grobusch 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002380 https://doaj.org/article/72ba7bd6bc104af2bd01ad2f5ac774c5 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3744439?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002380 https://doaj.org/article/72ba7bd6bc104af2bd01ad2f5ac774c5 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 7, Iss 8, p e2380 (2013) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2013 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002380 2022-12-31T14:37:06Z BACKGROUND: Within sub-Saharan Africa, helminth and malaria infections cause considerable morbidity in HIV-positive pregnant women and their offspring. Helminth infections are also associated with a higher risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of, and the protective and risk factors for helminth and malaria infections in pregnant HIV-positive Rwandan women receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART). METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPLE FINDINGS: Pregnant females (n = 980) were recruited from health centres in rural and peri-urban locations in the central and eastern provinces of Rwanda. Helminth infection was diagnosed using the Kato Katz method whilst the presence of Plasmodium falciparum was identified from blood smears. The prevalence of helminth infections was 34.3%; of malaria 13.3%, and of co-infections 6.6%. Helminth infections were more common in rural (43.1%) than peri-urban (18.0%; p<0.0005) sites. A CD4 count ≤ 350 cells/mm(3) was associated with a higher risk of helminth infections (odds ratio, 3.39; 95% CIs, 2.16-5.33; p<0.0005) and malaria (3.37 [2.11-5.38]; p<0.0005) whilst helminth infection was a risk factor for malaria infection and vice versa. Education and employment reduced the risk of all types of infection whilst hand washing protected against helminth infection (0.29 [0.19-0.46]; p<0.0005);). The TDF-3TC-NVP (3.47 [2.21-5.45]; p<0.0005), D4T-3TC-NVP (2.47 [1.27-4.80]; p<0.05) and AZT-NVP (2.60 [1.33-5.08]; p<0.05) regimens each yielded higher helminth infection rates than the AZT-3TC-NVP regimen. Anti-retroviral therapy had no effect on the risk of malaria. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: HIV-positive pregnant women would benefit from the scaling up of de-worming programs alongside health education and hygiene interventions. The differential effect of certain ART combinations (as observed here most strongly with AZT-3TC-NVP) possibly protecting against helminth infection warrants further investigation. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 7 8 e2380 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
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English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Emil Ivan Nigel J Crowther Eugene Mutimura Lawrence Obado Osuwat Saskia Janssen Martin P Grobusch Helminthic infections rates and malaria in HIV-infected pregnant women on anti-retroviral therapy in Rwanda. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
BACKGROUND: Within sub-Saharan Africa, helminth and malaria infections cause considerable morbidity in HIV-positive pregnant women and their offspring. Helminth infections are also associated with a higher risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of, and the protective and risk factors for helminth and malaria infections in pregnant HIV-positive Rwandan women receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART). METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPLE FINDINGS: Pregnant females (n = 980) were recruited from health centres in rural and peri-urban locations in the central and eastern provinces of Rwanda. Helminth infection was diagnosed using the Kato Katz method whilst the presence of Plasmodium falciparum was identified from blood smears. The prevalence of helminth infections was 34.3%; of malaria 13.3%, and of co-infections 6.6%. Helminth infections were more common in rural (43.1%) than peri-urban (18.0%; p<0.0005) sites. A CD4 count ≤ 350 cells/mm(3) was associated with a higher risk of helminth infections (odds ratio, 3.39; 95% CIs, 2.16-5.33; p<0.0005) and malaria (3.37 [2.11-5.38]; p<0.0005) whilst helminth infection was a risk factor for malaria infection and vice versa. Education and employment reduced the risk of all types of infection whilst hand washing protected against helminth infection (0.29 [0.19-0.46]; p<0.0005);). The TDF-3TC-NVP (3.47 [2.21-5.45]; p<0.0005), D4T-3TC-NVP (2.47 [1.27-4.80]; p<0.05) and AZT-NVP (2.60 [1.33-5.08]; p<0.05) regimens each yielded higher helminth infection rates than the AZT-3TC-NVP regimen. Anti-retroviral therapy had no effect on the risk of malaria. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: HIV-positive pregnant women would benefit from the scaling up of de-worming programs alongside health education and hygiene interventions. The differential effect of certain ART combinations (as observed here most strongly with AZT-3TC-NVP) possibly protecting against helminth infection warrants further investigation. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Emil Ivan Nigel J Crowther Eugene Mutimura Lawrence Obado Osuwat Saskia Janssen Martin P Grobusch |
author_facet |
Emil Ivan Nigel J Crowther Eugene Mutimura Lawrence Obado Osuwat Saskia Janssen Martin P Grobusch |
author_sort |
Emil Ivan |
title |
Helminthic infections rates and malaria in HIV-infected pregnant women on anti-retroviral therapy in Rwanda. |
title_short |
Helminthic infections rates and malaria in HIV-infected pregnant women on anti-retroviral therapy in Rwanda. |
title_full |
Helminthic infections rates and malaria in HIV-infected pregnant women on anti-retroviral therapy in Rwanda. |
title_fullStr |
Helminthic infections rates and malaria in HIV-infected pregnant women on anti-retroviral therapy in Rwanda. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Helminthic infections rates and malaria in HIV-infected pregnant women on anti-retroviral therapy in Rwanda. |
title_sort |
helminthic infections rates and malaria in hiv-infected pregnant women on anti-retroviral therapy in rwanda. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002380 https://doaj.org/article/72ba7bd6bc104af2bd01ad2f5ac774c5 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 7, Iss 8, p e2380 (2013) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3744439?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002380 https://doaj.org/article/72ba7bd6bc104af2bd01ad2f5ac774c5 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002380 |
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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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7 |
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8 |
container_start_page |
e2380 |
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