Nutrient Digestibility, Growth, Mucosal Barrier Status, and Activity of Leucocytes From Head Kidney of Atlantic Salmon Fed Marine- or Plant-Derived Protein and Lipid Sources
Nutrient digestibility, growth, and mucosal barrier status of fish skin, gills, and distal intestine were studied in Atlantic salmon fed feeds based on marine or plant-derived ingredients. The barrier status was assessed by considering the expression of four mucin genes, five genes that encode antim...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:72312c3331994444b7ec4d089d84d9f2 2023-05-15T15:30:52+02:00 Nutrient Digestibility, Growth, Mucosal Barrier Status, and Activity of Leucocytes From Head Kidney of Atlantic Salmon Fed Marine- or Plant-Derived Protein and Lipid Sources Solveig L. Sørensen Youngjin Park Yangyang Gong Ghana K. Vasanth Dalia Dahle Kjetil Korsnes Tran Ha Phuong Viswanath Kiron Sjur Øyen Karin Pittman Mette Sørensen 2021-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.623726 https://doaj.org/article/72312c3331994444b7ec4d089d84d9f2 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.623726/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224 1664-3224 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.623726 https://doaj.org/article/72312c3331994444b7ec4d089d84d9f2 Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 11 (2021) Atlantic salmon enteritis mucosal barrier status plant ingredients mucin gene antimicrobial genes Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.623726 2022-12-31T15:43:31Z Nutrient digestibility, growth, and mucosal barrier status of fish skin, gills, and distal intestine were studied in Atlantic salmon fed feeds based on marine or plant-derived ingredients. The barrier status was assessed by considering the expression of four mucin genes, five genes that encode antimicrobial proteins, distal intestine micromorphology, and design-based stereology of the midgut epithelium. In addition, the head kidney leukocytes were examined using flow cytometry; to understand the differences in their counts and function. Five experimental feeds containing the main components i) fishmeal and fish oil (BG1), ii) soybean meal (BG2; to induce enteritis), iii) fishmeal as the main protein source and rapeseed oil as the main lipid source (BG3), iv) a mix of plant protein concentrates as the protein sources and fish oil as the lipid source (BG4), and v) plant and marine ingredients in the ratio 70:30 (BG5) were produced for the study. Atlantic salmon with initial weight 72.7 ± 1.2 g was offered the experimental feeds for 65 days. The results revealed that the weights of all fish groups doubled, except for fish fed BG2. Fish fed the BG2 diet had lower blood cholesterol concentration, developed enteritis, had lower expression of muc2 in the distal intestine, and had a compromised barrier status in the intestine. Expression of both the mucin genes and genes that encode antimicrobial peptides were tissue-specific and some were significantly affected by diet. The fish fed BG1 and BG3 had more head kidney lymphocyte-like cells compared to BG5-fed fish, and the phagocytic activity of macrophage-like cells from the head kidney was the highest in fish fed BG1. The intestinal micromorphology and the mucosal mapping suggest two different ways by which plant-based diets can alter the gut barrier status; by either reducing the mucous cell sizes, volumetric densities and barrier status (as noted for BG2) or increasing volumetric density of mucous cells (as observed for BG4 and BG5). The results of the compromised ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Frontiers in Immunology 11 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Atlantic salmon enteritis mucosal barrier status plant ingredients mucin gene antimicrobial genes Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 |
spellingShingle |
Atlantic salmon enteritis mucosal barrier status plant ingredients mucin gene antimicrobial genes Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Solveig L. Sørensen Youngjin Park Yangyang Gong Ghana K. Vasanth Dalia Dahle Kjetil Korsnes Tran Ha Phuong Viswanath Kiron Sjur Øyen Karin Pittman Mette Sørensen Nutrient Digestibility, Growth, Mucosal Barrier Status, and Activity of Leucocytes From Head Kidney of Atlantic Salmon Fed Marine- or Plant-Derived Protein and Lipid Sources |
topic_facet |
Atlantic salmon enteritis mucosal barrier status plant ingredients mucin gene antimicrobial genes Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 |
description |
Nutrient digestibility, growth, and mucosal barrier status of fish skin, gills, and distal intestine were studied in Atlantic salmon fed feeds based on marine or plant-derived ingredients. The barrier status was assessed by considering the expression of four mucin genes, five genes that encode antimicrobial proteins, distal intestine micromorphology, and design-based stereology of the midgut epithelium. In addition, the head kidney leukocytes were examined using flow cytometry; to understand the differences in their counts and function. Five experimental feeds containing the main components i) fishmeal and fish oil (BG1), ii) soybean meal (BG2; to induce enteritis), iii) fishmeal as the main protein source and rapeseed oil as the main lipid source (BG3), iv) a mix of plant protein concentrates as the protein sources and fish oil as the lipid source (BG4), and v) plant and marine ingredients in the ratio 70:30 (BG5) were produced for the study. Atlantic salmon with initial weight 72.7 ± 1.2 g was offered the experimental feeds for 65 days. The results revealed that the weights of all fish groups doubled, except for fish fed BG2. Fish fed the BG2 diet had lower blood cholesterol concentration, developed enteritis, had lower expression of muc2 in the distal intestine, and had a compromised barrier status in the intestine. Expression of both the mucin genes and genes that encode antimicrobial peptides were tissue-specific and some were significantly affected by diet. The fish fed BG1 and BG3 had more head kidney lymphocyte-like cells compared to BG5-fed fish, and the phagocytic activity of macrophage-like cells from the head kidney was the highest in fish fed BG1. The intestinal micromorphology and the mucosal mapping suggest two different ways by which plant-based diets can alter the gut barrier status; by either reducing the mucous cell sizes, volumetric densities and barrier status (as noted for BG2) or increasing volumetric density of mucous cells (as observed for BG4 and BG5). The results of the compromised ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Solveig L. Sørensen Youngjin Park Yangyang Gong Ghana K. Vasanth Dalia Dahle Kjetil Korsnes Tran Ha Phuong Viswanath Kiron Sjur Øyen Karin Pittman Mette Sørensen |
author_facet |
Solveig L. Sørensen Youngjin Park Yangyang Gong Ghana K. Vasanth Dalia Dahle Kjetil Korsnes Tran Ha Phuong Viswanath Kiron Sjur Øyen Karin Pittman Mette Sørensen |
author_sort |
Solveig L. Sørensen |
title |
Nutrient Digestibility, Growth, Mucosal Barrier Status, and Activity of Leucocytes From Head Kidney of Atlantic Salmon Fed Marine- or Plant-Derived Protein and Lipid Sources |
title_short |
Nutrient Digestibility, Growth, Mucosal Barrier Status, and Activity of Leucocytes From Head Kidney of Atlantic Salmon Fed Marine- or Plant-Derived Protein and Lipid Sources |
title_full |
Nutrient Digestibility, Growth, Mucosal Barrier Status, and Activity of Leucocytes From Head Kidney of Atlantic Salmon Fed Marine- or Plant-Derived Protein and Lipid Sources |
title_fullStr |
Nutrient Digestibility, Growth, Mucosal Barrier Status, and Activity of Leucocytes From Head Kidney of Atlantic Salmon Fed Marine- or Plant-Derived Protein and Lipid Sources |
title_full_unstemmed |
Nutrient Digestibility, Growth, Mucosal Barrier Status, and Activity of Leucocytes From Head Kidney of Atlantic Salmon Fed Marine- or Plant-Derived Protein and Lipid Sources |
title_sort |
nutrient digestibility, growth, mucosal barrier status, and activity of leucocytes from head kidney of atlantic salmon fed marine- or plant-derived protein and lipid sources |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.623726 https://doaj.org/article/72312c3331994444b7ec4d089d84d9f2 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 11 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.623726/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224 1664-3224 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.623726 https://doaj.org/article/72312c3331994444b7ec4d089d84d9f2 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.623726 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Immunology |
container_volume |
11 |
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1766361344517341184 |