Video camera and seismic monitoring of water bulge explosion at Strokkur Geyser, Iceland
Eruptions of volcanoes and geysers share many fundamental similarities: for example, they are manifestations of Earth’s geothermal energy, involving the pressure-driven expulsion of fluids from the Earth’s interior. However, while volcanoes can produce spectacular lava bubbles that burst, water bubb...
Published in: | Volcanica |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Volcanica
2024
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.229245 https://doaj.org/article/721be46e9ce3497e9b2d144c672bf93b |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:721be46e9ce3497e9b2d144c672bf93b |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:721be46e9ce3497e9b2d144c672bf93b 2024-09-15T18:13:33+00:00 Video camera and seismic monitoring of water bulge explosion at Strokkur Geyser, Iceland Eva P. S. Eibl Sandeep Karmacharya Alina V. Shevchenko Thomas R. Walter Gylfi Páll Hersir 2024-05-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.229245 https://doaj.org/article/721be46e9ce3497e9b2d144c672bf93b EN eng Volcanica https://www.jvolcanica.org/ojs/index.php/volcanica/article/view/234 https://doaj.org/toc/2610-3540 2610-3540 doi:10.30909/vol.07.01.229245 https://doaj.org/article/721be46e9ce3497e9b2d144c672bf93b Volcanica, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 229-245 (2024) iceland geyser seismometer video camera bubble explosion water jet Geology QE1-996.5 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.229245 2024-08-05T17:49:25Z Eruptions of volcanoes and geysers share many fundamental similarities: for example, they are manifestations of Earth’s geothermal energy, involving the pressure-driven expulsion of fluids from the Earth’s interior. However, while volcanoes can produce spectacular lava bubbles that burst, water bubbles are rarely observed on the surface of geysers. It is still unclear why some of these low-viscosity geyser systems produce none, while others produce them regularly. There is no quantification of the size, speed, and height of these bubbles at geysers, which is the gap we fill here. Strokkur creates a water bulge in its surface pool (bulge stage). When the bulge bursts, water is ejected into the air (jet stage). The steam then continues to rise buoyantly and drift away (drift stage). Here we study the evolution of the three stages using records from video camera campaigns and a local seismic network. We find that larger bulges are associated with larger ascent velocities and cause larger jet heights. As energy is channeled into a high jet, small seismic ground motions are recorded. The bulge formation itself is barely visible seismically. Our work suggests that the 0.74±0.27 s-long bulge stage can be used as a first-order proxy for predicting eruption height. This study might also be relevant for understanding fluid dynamics in volcanic systems. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Volcanica 7 1 229 245 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
iceland geyser seismometer video camera bubble explosion water jet Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
iceland geyser seismometer video camera bubble explosion water jet Geology QE1-996.5 Eva P. S. Eibl Sandeep Karmacharya Alina V. Shevchenko Thomas R. Walter Gylfi Páll Hersir Video camera and seismic monitoring of water bulge explosion at Strokkur Geyser, Iceland |
topic_facet |
iceland geyser seismometer video camera bubble explosion water jet Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Eruptions of volcanoes and geysers share many fundamental similarities: for example, they are manifestations of Earth’s geothermal energy, involving the pressure-driven expulsion of fluids from the Earth’s interior. However, while volcanoes can produce spectacular lava bubbles that burst, water bubbles are rarely observed on the surface of geysers. It is still unclear why some of these low-viscosity geyser systems produce none, while others produce them regularly. There is no quantification of the size, speed, and height of these bubbles at geysers, which is the gap we fill here. Strokkur creates a water bulge in its surface pool (bulge stage). When the bulge bursts, water is ejected into the air (jet stage). The steam then continues to rise buoyantly and drift away (drift stage). Here we study the evolution of the three stages using records from video camera campaigns and a local seismic network. We find that larger bulges are associated with larger ascent velocities and cause larger jet heights. As energy is channeled into a high jet, small seismic ground motions are recorded. The bulge formation itself is barely visible seismically. Our work suggests that the 0.74±0.27 s-long bulge stage can be used as a first-order proxy for predicting eruption height. This study might also be relevant for understanding fluid dynamics in volcanic systems. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Eva P. S. Eibl Sandeep Karmacharya Alina V. Shevchenko Thomas R. Walter Gylfi Páll Hersir |
author_facet |
Eva P. S. Eibl Sandeep Karmacharya Alina V. Shevchenko Thomas R. Walter Gylfi Páll Hersir |
author_sort |
Eva P. S. Eibl |
title |
Video camera and seismic monitoring of water bulge explosion at Strokkur Geyser, Iceland |
title_short |
Video camera and seismic monitoring of water bulge explosion at Strokkur Geyser, Iceland |
title_full |
Video camera and seismic monitoring of water bulge explosion at Strokkur Geyser, Iceland |
title_fullStr |
Video camera and seismic monitoring of water bulge explosion at Strokkur Geyser, Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Video camera and seismic monitoring of water bulge explosion at Strokkur Geyser, Iceland |
title_sort |
video camera and seismic monitoring of water bulge explosion at strokkur geyser, iceland |
publisher |
Volcanica |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.229245 https://doaj.org/article/721be46e9ce3497e9b2d144c672bf93b |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Volcanica, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 229-245 (2024) |
op_relation |
https://www.jvolcanica.org/ojs/index.php/volcanica/article/view/234 https://doaj.org/toc/2610-3540 2610-3540 doi:10.30909/vol.07.01.229245 https://doaj.org/article/721be46e9ce3497e9b2d144c672bf93b |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.229245 |
container_title |
Volcanica |
container_volume |
7 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
229 |
op_container_end_page |
245 |
_version_ |
1810451314108268544 |