Chylothorax and chylous ascites due to juvenile paracoccidioidomycosis: a case report

• Published in: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
• Main Authors: Ana Paula Freitas Bahia dos Santos, Tomás Varella Costa Russo, Beatriz Pascuotte, Luis Felipe Silva Visconde, Adryelle Carolynne Nogueira Luetz, Andrey Biff Sarris, Matheus Dias Girão Rocha, Fernanda Guioti Puga, Gilberto Gambero Gaspar, Valdes Roberto Bollela, Roberto Martinez
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical (SBMT) 2023
• Subjects: Paracoccidioidomycosis; Chylothorax; Chylous Ascites; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine; RC955-962; Arctic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0605-2022; https://doaj.org/article/70cbc13aeecc4b8cb4a142d129168d10

ABSTRACT Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic fungal infection caused by Paracoccidioides species. Chylothorax is a rare complication of PCM. A 16-year-old adolescent presented daily fever, lymphadenomegaly, sweating, weight loss, ventilatory-dependent pain, and dysphagia, which confirmed PCM. During treatment, the patient developed chylothorax and chylous ascites. Chronic inflammatory and fibrotic lymphadenopathy may obstruct lymphatic vessels, resulting in the extravasation of lymph into the abdomen or pleural cavities. Chylothorax is one of several complications of PCM and can lead to respiratory insufficiency, even in patients undergoing antifungal therapy.