Comparative Analysis of the Biochemical Composition, Amino Acid, and Fatty Acid Contents of Diploid, Triploid, and Tetraploid Crassostrea gigas

• Published in: Molecules
• Main Authors: Jingjing Fu, Enshuo Zhang, Wensong Yu, Weijun Wang, Youmei Sun, Luyao Dong, Yousen Zhang, Guohua Sun, Zan Li, Qihao Luo, Jianmin Yang
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2024
• Subjects: ploidy; Crassostrea gigas; amino acid; fatty acid; nutritional quality; Organic chemistry; QD241-441
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29112671; https://doaj.org/article/707b9e67f250437a98b961522d502f08

Tetraploid oysters are artificially produced oysters that do not exist in nature. The successful breeding of 100% triploid oysters resolved the difficulties of traditional drug-induced triploids, such as the presence of drug residues and a low triploid induction rate. However, little is known concerning the biochemical composition and nutrient contents of such tetraploids. Therefore, we investigated compositional differences among diploid, triploid, and tetraploid Crassostrea gigas as well as between males and females of diploids and tetraploids. The findings indicated that glycogen, EPA, ∑PUFA, and omega-3 contents were significantly higher in triploid oysters than in diploids or tetraploids; tetraploid oysters had a significantly higher protein content, C14:0, essential amino acid, and flavor-presenting amino acid contents than diploids or triploids. For both diploid and tetraploids, females had significantly higher levels of glutamate, methionine, and phenylalanine than males but lower levels of glycine and alanine. In addition, female oysters had significantly more EPA, DHA, omega-3, and total fatty acids, a result that may be due to the fact that gonadal development in male oysters requires more energy to sustain growth, consumes greater amounts of nutrients, and accumulates more proteins. With these results, important information is provided on the production of C. gigas , as well as on the basis and backing for the genetic breeding of oysters.