Heterogeneous CO 2 and CH 4 content of glacial meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet and implications for subglacial carbon processes
Accelerated melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet has increased freshwater delivery to the Arctic Ocean and amplified the need to understand the impact of Greenland Ice Sheet meltwater on Arctic greenhouse gas budgets. We evaluate subglacial discharge from the Greenland Ice Sheet for carbon dioxide (CO...
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Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2021
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1627-2021 https://doaj.org/article/6f7e2e5d0aaa4910b5c98f71e3759bfe |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:6f7e2e5d0aaa4910b5c98f71e3759bfe 2023-05-15T14:56:55+02:00 Heterogeneous CO 2 and CH 4 content of glacial meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet and implications for subglacial carbon processes A. J. Pain J. B. Martin E. E. Martin Å. K. Rennermalm S. Rahman 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1627-2021 https://doaj.org/article/6f7e2e5d0aaa4910b5c98f71e3759bfe EN eng Copernicus Publications https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/1627/2021/tc-15-1627-2021.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-15-1627-2021 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/6f7e2e5d0aaa4910b5c98f71e3759bfe The Cryosphere, Vol 15, Pp 1627-1644 (2021) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1627-2021 2022-12-31T15:51:16Z Accelerated melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet has increased freshwater delivery to the Arctic Ocean and amplified the need to understand the impact of Greenland Ice Sheet meltwater on Arctic greenhouse gas budgets. We evaluate subglacial discharge from the Greenland Ice Sheet for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) concentrations and δ 13 C values and use geochemical models to evaluate subglacial CH 4 and CO 2 sources and sinks. We compare discharge from southwest (a sub-catchment of the Isunnguata Glacier, sub-Isunnguata, and the Russell Glacier) and southern Greenland (Kiattut Sermiat). Meltwater CH 4 concentrations vary by orders of magnitude between sites and are saturated with respect to atmospheric concentrations at Kiattut Sermiat. In contrast, meltwaters from southwest sites are supersaturated, even though oxidation reduces CH 4 concentrations by up to 50 % during periods of low discharge. CO 2 concentrations range from supersaturated at sub-Isunnguata to undersaturated at Kiattut Sermiat. CO 2 is consumed by mineral weathering throughout the melt season at all sites; however, differences in the magnitude of subglacial CO 2 sources result in meltwaters that are either sources or sinks of atmospheric CO 2 . At the sub-Isunnguata site, the predominant source of CO 2 is organic matter (OM) remineralization. However, multiple or heterogeneous subglacial CO 2 sources maintain atmospheric CO 2 concentrations at Russell but not at Kiattut Sermiat, where CO 2 is undersaturated. These results highlight a previously unrecognized degree of heterogeneity in greenhouse gas dynamics under the Greenland Ice Sheet. Future work should constrain the extent and controls of heterogeneity to improve our understanding of the impact of Greenland Ice Sheet melt on Arctic greenhouse gas budgets, as well as the role of continental ice sheets in greenhouse gas variations over glacial–interglacial timescales. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean glacier Greenland Ice Sheet The Cryosphere Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Arctic Ocean Greenland The Cryosphere 15 3 1627 1644 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 A. J. Pain J. B. Martin E. E. Martin Å. K. Rennermalm S. Rahman Heterogeneous CO 2 and CH 4 content of glacial meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet and implications for subglacial carbon processes |
topic_facet |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Accelerated melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet has increased freshwater delivery to the Arctic Ocean and amplified the need to understand the impact of Greenland Ice Sheet meltwater on Arctic greenhouse gas budgets. We evaluate subglacial discharge from the Greenland Ice Sheet for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) concentrations and δ 13 C values and use geochemical models to evaluate subglacial CH 4 and CO 2 sources and sinks. We compare discharge from southwest (a sub-catchment of the Isunnguata Glacier, sub-Isunnguata, and the Russell Glacier) and southern Greenland (Kiattut Sermiat). Meltwater CH 4 concentrations vary by orders of magnitude between sites and are saturated with respect to atmospheric concentrations at Kiattut Sermiat. In contrast, meltwaters from southwest sites are supersaturated, even though oxidation reduces CH 4 concentrations by up to 50 % during periods of low discharge. CO 2 concentrations range from supersaturated at sub-Isunnguata to undersaturated at Kiattut Sermiat. CO 2 is consumed by mineral weathering throughout the melt season at all sites; however, differences in the magnitude of subglacial CO 2 sources result in meltwaters that are either sources or sinks of atmospheric CO 2 . At the sub-Isunnguata site, the predominant source of CO 2 is organic matter (OM) remineralization. However, multiple or heterogeneous subglacial CO 2 sources maintain atmospheric CO 2 concentrations at Russell but not at Kiattut Sermiat, where CO 2 is undersaturated. These results highlight a previously unrecognized degree of heterogeneity in greenhouse gas dynamics under the Greenland Ice Sheet. Future work should constrain the extent and controls of heterogeneity to improve our understanding of the impact of Greenland Ice Sheet melt on Arctic greenhouse gas budgets, as well as the role of continental ice sheets in greenhouse gas variations over glacial–interglacial timescales. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
A. J. Pain J. B. Martin E. E. Martin Å. K. Rennermalm S. Rahman |
author_facet |
A. J. Pain J. B. Martin E. E. Martin Å. K. Rennermalm S. Rahman |
author_sort |
A. J. Pain |
title |
Heterogeneous CO 2 and CH 4 content of glacial meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet and implications for subglacial carbon processes |
title_short |
Heterogeneous CO 2 and CH 4 content of glacial meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet and implications for subglacial carbon processes |
title_full |
Heterogeneous CO 2 and CH 4 content of glacial meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet and implications for subglacial carbon processes |
title_fullStr |
Heterogeneous CO 2 and CH 4 content of glacial meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet and implications for subglacial carbon processes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Heterogeneous CO 2 and CH 4 content of glacial meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet and implications for subglacial carbon processes |
title_sort |
heterogeneous co 2 and ch 4 content of glacial meltwater from the greenland ice sheet and implications for subglacial carbon processes |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1627-2021 https://doaj.org/article/6f7e2e5d0aaa4910b5c98f71e3759bfe |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean glacier Greenland Ice Sheet The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean glacier Greenland Ice Sheet The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 15, Pp 1627-1644 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/1627/2021/tc-15-1627-2021.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-15-1627-2021 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/6f7e2e5d0aaa4910b5c98f71e3759bfe |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1627-2021 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
1627 |
op_container_end_page |
1644 |
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1766328981323251712 |