Sex differences in fear of pain: item-level analysis of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire III
Sara M Vambheim,1 Roald A Øien1,21Department of Psychology, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; 2Yale University, School of Medicine, Child Study center, New Haven, CT, USA Objectives: This study aimed to investigate sex differences in fear of pain (FOP) measured by the Fear of Pai...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:6f1bf9bae6884006877684422c1f939b 2023-05-15T18:34:55+02:00 Sex differences in fear of pain: item-level analysis of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire III Vambheim SM Øien RA 2017-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doaj.org/article/6f1bf9bae6884006877684422c1f939b EN eng Dove Medical Press https://www.dovepress.com/sex-differences-in-fear-of-pain-item-level-analysis-of-the-fear-of-pai-peer-reviewed-article-JPR https://doaj.org/toc/1178-7090 1178-7090 https://doaj.org/article/6f1bf9bae6884006877684422c1f939b Journal of Pain Research, Vol Volume 10, Pp 825-831 (2017) Fear of Pain FOP Fear of Pain Questionnaire III FPQ-III pain sex differences Medicine (General) R5-920 article 2017 ftdoajarticles 2022-12-31T04:16:13Z Sara M Vambheim,1 Roald A Øien1,21Department of Psychology, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; 2Yale University, School of Medicine, Child Study center, New Haven, CT, USA Objectives: This study aimed to investigate sex differences in fear of pain (FOP) measured by the Fear of Pain Questionnaire III (FPQ-III) in a nonclinical sample. The FPQ-III is a self-report inventory measuring FOP, with 30 items, divided into three subscales: Severe, Minor and Medical Pain.Methods: A total of 185 subjects participated (49.7% females) in this study. Sex differences on overall FOP, the subscales, and at item level were examined. One-way analysis of variance tested the association between sex and FOP, measured by overall FOP and the subscales. Ordinal regression analysis enabled item-level analysis of the FPQ-III and was conducted to explore further specificity of FOP in males compared to females.Results: Overall FOP and fear of Severe Pain was significantly higher in females than in males, as measured by the FPQ-Total and the FPQ-Severe. Moreover, females were more likely to report higher FOP than males on 16 items (p<0.05). Further inspection revealed that females scored significantly higher than males on all items on the Severe Pain subscale. When controlling for multiple comparisons six items reached significance (p<0.001). Five of these items belonged to the subscale Severe Pain. When controlling for overall FOP one item, also from the Severe Pain subscale, reached significance (p<0.001).Conclusion: There are sex differences in severe FOP, with higher FOP in females compared to males. Potential explanations are sex differences in the 1) psychosocial mechanisms of fear and anxiety, and 2) emotional reactions to and interpretation of FPQ-III Severe Pain items. Keywords: fear of pain, FOP, fear of pain questionnaire III, FPQ-III, pain, sex differences Article in Journal/Newspaper Tromsø Arctic University of Norway UiT The Arctic University of Norway Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Norway Tromsø |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Fear of Pain FOP Fear of Pain Questionnaire III FPQ-III pain sex differences Medicine (General) R5-920 |
spellingShingle |
Fear of Pain FOP Fear of Pain Questionnaire III FPQ-III pain sex differences Medicine (General) R5-920 Vambheim SM Øien RA Sex differences in fear of pain: item-level analysis of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire III |
topic_facet |
Fear of Pain FOP Fear of Pain Questionnaire III FPQ-III pain sex differences Medicine (General) R5-920 |
description |
Sara M Vambheim,1 Roald A Øien1,21Department of Psychology, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; 2Yale University, School of Medicine, Child Study center, New Haven, CT, USA Objectives: This study aimed to investigate sex differences in fear of pain (FOP) measured by the Fear of Pain Questionnaire III (FPQ-III) in a nonclinical sample. The FPQ-III is a self-report inventory measuring FOP, with 30 items, divided into three subscales: Severe, Minor and Medical Pain.Methods: A total of 185 subjects participated (49.7% females) in this study. Sex differences on overall FOP, the subscales, and at item level were examined. One-way analysis of variance tested the association between sex and FOP, measured by overall FOP and the subscales. Ordinal regression analysis enabled item-level analysis of the FPQ-III and was conducted to explore further specificity of FOP in males compared to females.Results: Overall FOP and fear of Severe Pain was significantly higher in females than in males, as measured by the FPQ-Total and the FPQ-Severe. Moreover, females were more likely to report higher FOP than males on 16 items (p<0.05). Further inspection revealed that females scored significantly higher than males on all items on the Severe Pain subscale. When controlling for multiple comparisons six items reached significance (p<0.001). Five of these items belonged to the subscale Severe Pain. When controlling for overall FOP one item, also from the Severe Pain subscale, reached significance (p<0.001).Conclusion: There are sex differences in severe FOP, with higher FOP in females compared to males. Potential explanations are sex differences in the 1) psychosocial mechanisms of fear and anxiety, and 2) emotional reactions to and interpretation of FPQ-III Severe Pain items. Keywords: fear of pain, FOP, fear of pain questionnaire III, FPQ-III, pain, sex differences |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vambheim SM Øien RA |
author_facet |
Vambheim SM Øien RA |
author_sort |
Vambheim SM |
title |
Sex differences in fear of pain: item-level analysis of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire III |
title_short |
Sex differences in fear of pain: item-level analysis of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire III |
title_full |
Sex differences in fear of pain: item-level analysis of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire III |
title_fullStr |
Sex differences in fear of pain: item-level analysis of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire III |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sex differences in fear of pain: item-level analysis of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire III |
title_sort |
sex differences in fear of pain: item-level analysis of the fear of pain questionnaire iii |
publisher |
Dove Medical Press |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/6f1bf9bae6884006877684422c1f939b |
geographic |
Arctic Norway Tromsø |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Norway Tromsø |
genre |
Tromsø Arctic University of Norway UiT The Arctic University of Norway |
genre_facet |
Tromsø Arctic University of Norway UiT The Arctic University of Norway |
op_source |
Journal of Pain Research, Vol Volume 10, Pp 825-831 (2017) |
op_relation |
https://www.dovepress.com/sex-differences-in-fear-of-pain-item-level-analysis-of-the-fear-of-pai-peer-reviewed-article-JPR https://doaj.org/toc/1178-7090 1178-7090 https://doaj.org/article/6f1bf9bae6884006877684422c1f939b |
_version_ |
1766219912702853120 |