Iron fertilisation and century-scale effects of open ocean dissolution of olivine in a simulated CO2 removal experiment
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approaches are efforts to reduce the atmospheric CO _2 concentration. Here we use a marine carbon cycle model to investigate the effects of one CDR technique: the open ocean dissolution of the iron-containing mineral olivine. We analyse the maximum CDR potential of an an...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024007 https://doaj.org/article/6e9e5e67d2074f91acae007961d0155f |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:6e9e5e67d2074f91acae007961d0155f 2023-09-05T13:22:16+02:00 Iron fertilisation and century-scale effects of open ocean dissolution of olivine in a simulated CO2 removal experiment Judith Hauck Peter Köhler Dieter Wolf-Gladrow Christoph Völker 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024007 https://doaj.org/article/6e9e5e67d2074f91acae007961d0155f EN eng IOP Publishing https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024007 https://doaj.org/toc/1748-9326 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024007 1748-9326 https://doaj.org/article/6e9e5e67d2074f91acae007961d0155f Environmental Research Letters, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 024007 (2016) geoengineering carbon dioxide removal enhanced weathering biological carbon pump iron fertilisation ocean alkalinisation Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 article 2016 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024007 2023-08-13T00:37:50Z Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approaches are efforts to reduce the atmospheric CO _2 concentration. Here we use a marine carbon cycle model to investigate the effects of one CDR technique: the open ocean dissolution of the iron-containing mineral olivine. We analyse the maximum CDR potential of an annual dissolution of 3 Pg olivine during the 21st century and focus on the role of the micro-nutrient iron for the biological carbon pump. Distributing the products of olivine dissolution (bicarbonate, silicic acid, iron) uniformly in the global surface ocean has a maximum CDR potential of 0.57 gC/g-olivine mainly due to the alkalinisation of the ocean, with a significant contribution from the fertilisation of phytoplankton with silicic acid and iron. The part of the CDR caused by ocean fertilisation is not permanent, while the CO _2 sequestered by alkalinisation would be stored in the ocean as long as alkalinity is not removed from the system. For high CO _2 emission scenarios the CDR potential due to the alkalinity input becomes more efficient over time with increasing ocean acidification. The alkalinity-induced CDR potential scales linearly with the amount of olivine, while the iron-induced CDR saturates at 113 PgC per century (on average $\sim 1.1\;$ PgC yr ^−1 ) for an iron input rate of 2.3 Tg Fe yr ^−1 (1% of the iron contained in 3 Pg olivine). The additional iron-related CO _2 uptake occurs in the Southern Ocean and in the iron-limited regions of the Pacific. Effects of this approach on surface ocean pH are small $(\lt 0.01)$ . Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Pacific Southern Ocean Environmental Research Letters 11 2 024007 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
geoengineering carbon dioxide removal enhanced weathering biological carbon pump iron fertilisation ocean alkalinisation Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 |
spellingShingle |
geoengineering carbon dioxide removal enhanced weathering biological carbon pump iron fertilisation ocean alkalinisation Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 Judith Hauck Peter Köhler Dieter Wolf-Gladrow Christoph Völker Iron fertilisation and century-scale effects of open ocean dissolution of olivine in a simulated CO2 removal experiment |
topic_facet |
geoengineering carbon dioxide removal enhanced weathering biological carbon pump iron fertilisation ocean alkalinisation Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 |
description |
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approaches are efforts to reduce the atmospheric CO _2 concentration. Here we use a marine carbon cycle model to investigate the effects of one CDR technique: the open ocean dissolution of the iron-containing mineral olivine. We analyse the maximum CDR potential of an annual dissolution of 3 Pg olivine during the 21st century and focus on the role of the micro-nutrient iron for the biological carbon pump. Distributing the products of olivine dissolution (bicarbonate, silicic acid, iron) uniformly in the global surface ocean has a maximum CDR potential of 0.57 gC/g-olivine mainly due to the alkalinisation of the ocean, with a significant contribution from the fertilisation of phytoplankton with silicic acid and iron. The part of the CDR caused by ocean fertilisation is not permanent, while the CO _2 sequestered by alkalinisation would be stored in the ocean as long as alkalinity is not removed from the system. For high CO _2 emission scenarios the CDR potential due to the alkalinity input becomes more efficient over time with increasing ocean acidification. The alkalinity-induced CDR potential scales linearly with the amount of olivine, while the iron-induced CDR saturates at 113 PgC per century (on average $\sim 1.1\;$ PgC yr ^−1 ) for an iron input rate of 2.3 Tg Fe yr ^−1 (1% of the iron contained in 3 Pg olivine). The additional iron-related CO _2 uptake occurs in the Southern Ocean and in the iron-limited regions of the Pacific. Effects of this approach on surface ocean pH are small $(\lt 0.01)$ . |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Judith Hauck Peter Köhler Dieter Wolf-Gladrow Christoph Völker |
author_facet |
Judith Hauck Peter Köhler Dieter Wolf-Gladrow Christoph Völker |
author_sort |
Judith Hauck |
title |
Iron fertilisation and century-scale effects of open ocean dissolution of olivine in a simulated CO2 removal experiment |
title_short |
Iron fertilisation and century-scale effects of open ocean dissolution of olivine in a simulated CO2 removal experiment |
title_full |
Iron fertilisation and century-scale effects of open ocean dissolution of olivine in a simulated CO2 removal experiment |
title_fullStr |
Iron fertilisation and century-scale effects of open ocean dissolution of olivine in a simulated CO2 removal experiment |
title_full_unstemmed |
Iron fertilisation and century-scale effects of open ocean dissolution of olivine in a simulated CO2 removal experiment |
title_sort |
iron fertilisation and century-scale effects of open ocean dissolution of olivine in a simulated co2 removal experiment |
publisher |
IOP Publishing |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024007 https://doaj.org/article/6e9e5e67d2074f91acae007961d0155f |
geographic |
Pacific Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Pacific Southern Ocean |
genre |
Ocean acidification Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Environmental Research Letters, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 024007 (2016) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024007 https://doaj.org/toc/1748-9326 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024007 1748-9326 https://doaj.org/article/6e9e5e67d2074f91acae007961d0155f |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024007 |
container_title |
Environmental Research Letters |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
024007 |
_version_ |
1776202801867653120 |