The Axes of Divergence for the Evolutionary Radiation of Notothenioid Fishes in Antarctica
Notothenioid fishes, a perciform group, radiated in the cold shelf waters around the Antarctic continent and the 110 species dominate fish diversity, abundance, and biomass at levels of ≈77%, 92%, and 91%, respectively. This occurred in a locality with frequent glaciomarine cycles that fragmented an...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:6e638fc018944fafb475051ddbc89cc0 2024-09-15T17:44:43+00:00 The Axes of Divergence for the Evolutionary Radiation of Notothenioid Fishes in Antarctica Joseph T. Eastman 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/d16040214 https://doaj.org/article/6e638fc018944fafb475051ddbc89cc0 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/16/4/214 https://doaj.org/toc/1424-2818 doi:10.3390/d16040214 1424-2818 https://doaj.org/article/6e638fc018944fafb475051ddbc89cc0 Diversity, Vol 16, Iss 4, p 214 (2024) Antarctica Southern Ocean adaptive radiation morphological ecological and behavioral divergence Biology (General) QH301-705.5 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/d16040214 2024-08-05T17:49:32Z Notothenioid fishes, a perciform group, radiated in the cold shelf waters around the Antarctic continent and the 110 species dominate fish diversity, abundance, and biomass at levels of ≈77%, 92%, and 91%, respectively. This occurred in a locality with frequent glaciomarine cycles that fragmented and obliterated habitats, disrupted ecosystems, and made parts of the high latitude shelves periodically uninhabitable. The notothenioid radiation encompasses three stages and 10 axes: for the habitat stage, divergence in (1) depth and (2) biotope, meaning subdivisions within the pelagic and benthic realms; for the morphology stage, divergence in (3) body size, (4) body density based on proportions of skeletal and adipose tissues, (5) body shape, (6) trophic morphology, specifically head morphology related to feeding (jaws, teeth, head size, and pharyngeal gape), and (7) neuromorphology (brain and sensory systems); and for the communication stage, divergence in (8) fecundity and egg size, (9) sexual dichromatism and dimorphism in body and fins, and (10) parental care behavior associated with nesting. There was an antecedent Eocene fossil fauna that did not include notothenioids and that has minimal taxonomic representation in the modern fauna. Liparids (snailfishes) and zoarcids (eelpouts) also diversified in Antarctic waters but with minimal divergence. Hypotheses are offered as to why these radiations played out the way they did and why notothenioids are dominant. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Diversity 16 4 214 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Antarctica Southern Ocean adaptive radiation morphological ecological and behavioral divergence Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
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Antarctica Southern Ocean adaptive radiation morphological ecological and behavioral divergence Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Joseph T. Eastman The Axes of Divergence for the Evolutionary Radiation of Notothenioid Fishes in Antarctica |
topic_facet |
Antarctica Southern Ocean adaptive radiation morphological ecological and behavioral divergence Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
description |
Notothenioid fishes, a perciform group, radiated in the cold shelf waters around the Antarctic continent and the 110 species dominate fish diversity, abundance, and biomass at levels of ≈77%, 92%, and 91%, respectively. This occurred in a locality with frequent glaciomarine cycles that fragmented and obliterated habitats, disrupted ecosystems, and made parts of the high latitude shelves periodically uninhabitable. The notothenioid radiation encompasses three stages and 10 axes: for the habitat stage, divergence in (1) depth and (2) biotope, meaning subdivisions within the pelagic and benthic realms; for the morphology stage, divergence in (3) body size, (4) body density based on proportions of skeletal and adipose tissues, (5) body shape, (6) trophic morphology, specifically head morphology related to feeding (jaws, teeth, head size, and pharyngeal gape), and (7) neuromorphology (brain and sensory systems); and for the communication stage, divergence in (8) fecundity and egg size, (9) sexual dichromatism and dimorphism in body and fins, and (10) parental care behavior associated with nesting. There was an antecedent Eocene fossil fauna that did not include notothenioids and that has minimal taxonomic representation in the modern fauna. Liparids (snailfishes) and zoarcids (eelpouts) also diversified in Antarctic waters but with minimal divergence. Hypotheses are offered as to why these radiations played out the way they did and why notothenioids are dominant. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Joseph T. Eastman |
author_facet |
Joseph T. Eastman |
author_sort |
Joseph T. Eastman |
title |
The Axes of Divergence for the Evolutionary Radiation of Notothenioid Fishes in Antarctica |
title_short |
The Axes of Divergence for the Evolutionary Radiation of Notothenioid Fishes in Antarctica |
title_full |
The Axes of Divergence for the Evolutionary Radiation of Notothenioid Fishes in Antarctica |
title_fullStr |
The Axes of Divergence for the Evolutionary Radiation of Notothenioid Fishes in Antarctica |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Axes of Divergence for the Evolutionary Radiation of Notothenioid Fishes in Antarctica |
title_sort |
axes of divergence for the evolutionary radiation of notothenioid fishes in antarctica |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/d16040214 https://doaj.org/article/6e638fc018944fafb475051ddbc89cc0 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Diversity, Vol 16, Iss 4, p 214 (2024) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/16/4/214 https://doaj.org/toc/1424-2818 doi:10.3390/d16040214 1424-2818 https://doaj.org/article/6e638fc018944fafb475051ddbc89cc0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/d16040214 |
container_title |
Diversity |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
214 |
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1810492372289585152 |