Quantifying the roles of food intake and stored lipid for growth and development throughout the life cycle of a high-latitude copepod, and consequences for ocean carbon sequestration
Copepods are a critical component of ocean ecosystems, providing an important link between phytoplankton and higher trophic levels as well as regulating biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C) and nutrients. Lipid-rich animals overwinter in deep waters where their respiration may sequester a similar qua...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.928209 https://doaj.org/article/6d9fefba45704fb1b35c42895f914430 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:6d9fefba45704fb1b35c42895f914430 2023-05-15T15:48:05+02:00 Quantifying the roles of food intake and stored lipid for growth and development throughout the life cycle of a high-latitude copepod, and consequences for ocean carbon sequestration Thomas R. Anderson Dag O. Hessen Wendy C. Gentleman Andrew Yool Daniel J. Mayor 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.928209 https://doaj.org/article/6d9fefba45704fb1b35c42895f914430 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.928209/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.928209 https://doaj.org/article/6d9fefba45704fb1b35c42895f914430 Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 9 (2022) zooplankton diapause gonad development seasonal lipid pump egg production Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.928209 2022-12-31T00:19:20Z Copepods are a critical component of ocean ecosystems, providing an important link between phytoplankton and higher trophic levels as well as regulating biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C) and nutrients. Lipid-rich animals overwinter in deep waters where their respiration may sequester a similar quantity of C as that due to sinking detritus. This ‘seasonal lipid pump’ nevertheless remains absent from global biogeochemical models that are used to project future ocean-climate interactions. Here, we make an important step to resolving this omission by investigating the biogeochemical cycling of C and nitrogen (N) by high-latitude copepods using a new individual-based stoichiometric model that includes explicit representation of lipid reserves. Simulations are presented for Calanus finmarchicus throughout its life cycle at Station Mike (66°N, 2°E) in the Norwegian Sea, although the model is applicable to any suitable location and species with a similar life history. Results indicate that growth, development and egg production in surface waters are driven primarily by food intake (quantity) which provides a good stoichiometric match to metabolic requirements. In contrast, the main function of stored lipid is to support overwintering respiration and gonad development with these two processes respectively accounting for 19 and 55% of the lipid accumulated during the previous spring/summer. The animals also catabolise 41% of body protein in order to provide N for the maintenance of structural biomass. In total, each individual copepod sequesters 9.6 μmol C in deep water. If the areal density of animals is 15,000–40,000 m-2, these losses correspond to a sequestration of 1.7–4.6 g C m-2 yr-1. Lipids contribute only 1% of the C used in egg production in the following year. Accumulating extra lipid in spring would potentially increase egg production but our analysis suggests that any such benefit is outweighed by a higher risk of predator mortality. Our work indicates that the seasonal lipid pump may be of similar magnitude ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Calanus finmarchicus Norwegian Sea Copepods Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Norwegian Sea Frontiers in Marine Science 9 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
zooplankton diapause gonad development seasonal lipid pump egg production Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
zooplankton diapause gonad development seasonal lipid pump egg production Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Thomas R. Anderson Dag O. Hessen Wendy C. Gentleman Andrew Yool Daniel J. Mayor Quantifying the roles of food intake and stored lipid for growth and development throughout the life cycle of a high-latitude copepod, and consequences for ocean carbon sequestration |
topic_facet |
zooplankton diapause gonad development seasonal lipid pump egg production Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
Copepods are a critical component of ocean ecosystems, providing an important link between phytoplankton and higher trophic levels as well as regulating biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C) and nutrients. Lipid-rich animals overwinter in deep waters where their respiration may sequester a similar quantity of C as that due to sinking detritus. This ‘seasonal lipid pump’ nevertheless remains absent from global biogeochemical models that are used to project future ocean-climate interactions. Here, we make an important step to resolving this omission by investigating the biogeochemical cycling of C and nitrogen (N) by high-latitude copepods using a new individual-based stoichiometric model that includes explicit representation of lipid reserves. Simulations are presented for Calanus finmarchicus throughout its life cycle at Station Mike (66°N, 2°E) in the Norwegian Sea, although the model is applicable to any suitable location and species with a similar life history. Results indicate that growth, development and egg production in surface waters are driven primarily by food intake (quantity) which provides a good stoichiometric match to metabolic requirements. In contrast, the main function of stored lipid is to support overwintering respiration and gonad development with these two processes respectively accounting for 19 and 55% of the lipid accumulated during the previous spring/summer. The animals also catabolise 41% of body protein in order to provide N for the maintenance of structural biomass. In total, each individual copepod sequesters 9.6 μmol C in deep water. If the areal density of animals is 15,000–40,000 m-2, these losses correspond to a sequestration of 1.7–4.6 g C m-2 yr-1. Lipids contribute only 1% of the C used in egg production in the following year. Accumulating extra lipid in spring would potentially increase egg production but our analysis suggests that any such benefit is outweighed by a higher risk of predator mortality. Our work indicates that the seasonal lipid pump may be of similar magnitude ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Thomas R. Anderson Dag O. Hessen Wendy C. Gentleman Andrew Yool Daniel J. Mayor |
author_facet |
Thomas R. Anderson Dag O. Hessen Wendy C. Gentleman Andrew Yool Daniel J. Mayor |
author_sort |
Thomas R. Anderson |
title |
Quantifying the roles of food intake and stored lipid for growth and development throughout the life cycle of a high-latitude copepod, and consequences for ocean carbon sequestration |
title_short |
Quantifying the roles of food intake and stored lipid for growth and development throughout the life cycle of a high-latitude copepod, and consequences for ocean carbon sequestration |
title_full |
Quantifying the roles of food intake and stored lipid for growth and development throughout the life cycle of a high-latitude copepod, and consequences for ocean carbon sequestration |
title_fullStr |
Quantifying the roles of food intake and stored lipid for growth and development throughout the life cycle of a high-latitude copepod, and consequences for ocean carbon sequestration |
title_full_unstemmed |
Quantifying the roles of food intake and stored lipid for growth and development throughout the life cycle of a high-latitude copepod, and consequences for ocean carbon sequestration |
title_sort |
quantifying the roles of food intake and stored lipid for growth and development throughout the life cycle of a high-latitude copepod, and consequences for ocean carbon sequestration |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.928209 https://doaj.org/article/6d9fefba45704fb1b35c42895f914430 |
geographic |
Norwegian Sea |
geographic_facet |
Norwegian Sea |
genre |
Calanus finmarchicus Norwegian Sea Copepods |
genre_facet |
Calanus finmarchicus Norwegian Sea Copepods |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 9 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.928209/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.928209 https://doaj.org/article/6d9fefba45704fb1b35c42895f914430 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.928209 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
9 |
_version_ |
1766383079807516672 |