Atmospheric mercury observations from Antarctica: seasonal variation and source and sink region calculations
Long term atmospheric mercury measurements in the Southern Hemisphere are scarce and in Antarctica completely absent. Recent studies have shown that the Antarctic continent plays an important role in the global mercury cycle. Therefore, long term measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) were...
Published in: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2012
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3241-2012 https://doaj.org/article/6d6cc9939e0b4e6cb1ba4fb01171b589 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:6d6cc9939e0b4e6cb1ba4fb01171b589 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:6d6cc9939e0b4e6cb1ba4fb01171b589 2023-05-15T13:57:03+02:00 Atmospheric mercury observations from Antarctica: seasonal variation and source and sink region calculations K. A. Pfaffhuber T. Berg D. Hirdman A. Stohl 2012-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3241-2012 https://doaj.org/article/6d6cc9939e0b4e6cb1ba4fb01171b589 EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/3241/2012/acp-12-3241-2012.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-12-3241-2012 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/6d6cc9939e0b4e6cb1ba4fb01171b589 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 12, Iss 7, Pp 3241-3251 (2012) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2012 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3241-2012 2022-12-31T10:48:27Z Long term atmospheric mercury measurements in the Southern Hemisphere are scarce and in Antarctica completely absent. Recent studies have shown that the Antarctic continent plays an important role in the global mercury cycle. Therefore, long term measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) were initiated at the Norwegian Antarctic Research Station, Troll (TRS) in order to improve our understanding of atmospheric transport, transformation and removal processes of GEM. GEM measurements started in February 2007 and are still ongoing, and this paper presents results from the first four years. The mean annual GEM concentration of 0.93 ± 0.19 ng m −3 is in good agreement with other recent southern-hemispheric measurements. Measurements of GEM were combined with the output of the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART, for a statistical analysis of GEM source and sink regions. It was found that the ocean is a source of GEM to TRS year round, especially in summer and fall. On time scales of up to 20 days, there is little direct transport of GEM to TRS from Southern Hemisphere continents, but sources there are important for determining the overall GEM load in the Southern Hemisphere and for the mean GEM concentration at TRS. Further, the sea ice and marginal ice zones are GEM sinks in spring as also seen in the Arctic, but the Antarctic oceanic sink seems weaker. Contrary to the Arctic, a strong summer time GEM sink was found, when air originates from the Antarctic plateau, which shows that the summertime removal mechanism of GEM is completely different and is caused by other chemical processes than the springtime atmospheric mercury depletion events. The results were corroborated by an analysis of ozone source and sink regions. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Arctic The Antarctic Troll ENVELOPE(13.895,13.895,67.110,67.110) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12 7 3241 3251 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
spellingShingle |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 K. A. Pfaffhuber T. Berg D. Hirdman A. Stohl Atmospheric mercury observations from Antarctica: seasonal variation and source and sink region calculations |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
Long term atmospheric mercury measurements in the Southern Hemisphere are scarce and in Antarctica completely absent. Recent studies have shown that the Antarctic continent plays an important role in the global mercury cycle. Therefore, long term measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) were initiated at the Norwegian Antarctic Research Station, Troll (TRS) in order to improve our understanding of atmospheric transport, transformation and removal processes of GEM. GEM measurements started in February 2007 and are still ongoing, and this paper presents results from the first four years. The mean annual GEM concentration of 0.93 ± 0.19 ng m −3 is in good agreement with other recent southern-hemispheric measurements. Measurements of GEM were combined with the output of the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART, for a statistical analysis of GEM source and sink regions. It was found that the ocean is a source of GEM to TRS year round, especially in summer and fall. On time scales of up to 20 days, there is little direct transport of GEM to TRS from Southern Hemisphere continents, but sources there are important for determining the overall GEM load in the Southern Hemisphere and for the mean GEM concentration at TRS. Further, the sea ice and marginal ice zones are GEM sinks in spring as also seen in the Arctic, but the Antarctic oceanic sink seems weaker. Contrary to the Arctic, a strong summer time GEM sink was found, when air originates from the Antarctic plateau, which shows that the summertime removal mechanism of GEM is completely different and is caused by other chemical processes than the springtime atmospheric mercury depletion events. The results were corroborated by an analysis of ozone source and sink regions. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
K. A. Pfaffhuber T. Berg D. Hirdman A. Stohl |
author_facet |
K. A. Pfaffhuber T. Berg D. Hirdman A. Stohl |
author_sort |
K. A. Pfaffhuber |
title |
Atmospheric mercury observations from Antarctica: seasonal variation and source and sink region calculations |
title_short |
Atmospheric mercury observations from Antarctica: seasonal variation and source and sink region calculations |
title_full |
Atmospheric mercury observations from Antarctica: seasonal variation and source and sink region calculations |
title_fullStr |
Atmospheric mercury observations from Antarctica: seasonal variation and source and sink region calculations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atmospheric mercury observations from Antarctica: seasonal variation and source and sink region calculations |
title_sort |
atmospheric mercury observations from antarctica: seasonal variation and source and sink region calculations |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3241-2012 https://doaj.org/article/6d6cc9939e0b4e6cb1ba4fb01171b589 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(13.895,13.895,67.110,67.110) |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic The Antarctic Troll |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic The Antarctic Troll |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Sea ice |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 12, Iss 7, Pp 3241-3251 (2012) |
op_relation |
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/3241/2012/acp-12-3241-2012.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-12-3241-2012 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/6d6cc9939e0b4e6cb1ba4fb01171b589 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3241-2012 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
3241 |
op_container_end_page |
3251 |
_version_ |
1766264652970328064 |