Variability and Uncertainty of Satellite Sea Surface Salinity in the Subpolar North Atlantic (2010–2019)

• Published in: Remote Sensing
• Main Author: Lisan Yu
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020
• Subjects: sea surface salinity; subpolar North Atlantic; SMAP; SMOS; Argo; harmonic analysis; Science; Q; Arctic; Western Basin; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12132092; https://doaj.org/article/6d30d6815be448f6bb9374bb8862b335

Satellite remote sensing of sea surface salinity (SSS) in the recent decade (2010-2019) has proven the capability of L-band (1.4 GHz) measurements to resolve SSS spatiotemporal variability in the tropical and subtropical oceans. However, the fidelity of SSS retrievals in cold waters at mid-high latitudes has yet to be established. Here, four SSS products derived from two satellite missions were evaluated in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean in reference to two in situ gridded products. Harmonic analysis of annual and semiannual cycles in in situ products revealed that seasonal variations of SSS are dominated by an annual cycle, with a maximum in March and a minimum in September. The annual amplitudes are larger (>0.3 practical salinity scale (pss)) in the western basin where surface waters are colder and fresher, and weaker (~0.06 pss) in the eastern basin where surface waters are warmer and saltier. Satellite SSS products have difficulty producing the right annual cycle, particularly in the Labrador/Irminger seas where the SSS seasonality is dictated by the influx of Arctic low-salinity waters along the boundary currents. The study also found that there are basin-scale, time-varying drifts in the decade-long SMOS data records, which need to be corrected before the datasets can be used for studying climate variability of SSS.