Investigating the Complex Association Between Viral Ecology, Environment, and Northeast Pacific Sea Star Wasting
Sea Star Wasting Disease (SSWD) describes a suite of disease signs that affected >20 species of asteroid since 2013 along a broad geographic range from the Alaska Peninsula to Baja California. Previous work identified the Sea Star associated Densovirus (SSaDV) as the best candidate pathogen for S...
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2018
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00077 https://doaj.org/article/6cb71d68ebc74a8e9c5f0401a934f7d1 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:6cb71d68ebc74a8e9c5f0401a934f7d1 2023-05-15T17:04:43+02:00 Investigating the Complex Association Between Viral Ecology, Environment, and Northeast Pacific Sea Star Wasting Ian Hewson Kalia S. I. Bistolas Eva M. Quijano Cardé Jason B. Button Parker J. Foster Jacob M. Flanzenbaum Jan Kocian Chaunte K. Lewis 2018-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00077 https://doaj.org/article/6cb71d68ebc74a8e9c5f0401a934f7d1 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2018.00077/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00077 https://doaj.org/article/6cb71d68ebc74a8e9c5f0401a934f7d1 Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 5 (2018) sea star wasting Asteroidea densovirus RNA virus pathogen Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00077 2022-12-30T23:39:43Z Sea Star Wasting Disease (SSWD) describes a suite of disease signs that affected >20 species of asteroid since 2013 along a broad geographic range from the Alaska Peninsula to Baja California. Previous work identified the Sea Star associated Densovirus (SSaDV) as the best candidate pathogen for SSWD in three species of common asteroid (Pycnopodia helianthoides, Pisaster ochraceus, and Evasterias troscheli), and virus-sized material (<0.22 μm) elicited SSWD signs in P. helianthoides. However, the ability of virus-sized material to elicit SSWD in other species of asteroids was not known. Discordance between detection of SSaDV by qPCR and by viral metagenomics inspired the redesign of qPCR primers to encompass SSaDV and two densoviral genotypes detected in wasting asteroids. Analysis of asteroid samples collected during SSWD emergence in 2013–2014 showed an association between wasting asteroid-associated densoviruses (WAaDs) and SSWD in only one species (P. helianthoides). WAaDs were found in association with asymptomatic asteroids in contemporary (2016 and later) populations, suggesting that they may form subclinical infections at the times they were sampled. WAaDs were found in SSWD-affected P. helianthoides after being absent in asymptomatic individuals a year earlier at one location (Kodiak). Direct challenge of P. ochraceus, Pisaster brevispinus, and E. troscheli with virus-sized material from SSWD-affected individuals did not elicit SSWD in any trial. RNA viral genomes discovered in viral metagenomes and host transcriptomes had viral loads and metagenome fragment recruitment patterns that were inconsistent with SSWD. Analysis of water temperature and precipitation patterns on a regional scale suggests that SSWD occurred following dry conditions at several locations, but mostly was inconsistently associated with either parameter. Semi-continuous monitoring of SSWD subtidally at two sites in the Salish Sea from 2013 to 2017 indicated that SSWD in E. troscheli and P. ochraceus was associated with elevated ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Kodiak Alaska Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Baja Pacific Frontiers in Marine Science 5 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
sea star wasting Asteroidea densovirus RNA virus pathogen Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
sea star wasting Asteroidea densovirus RNA virus pathogen Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Ian Hewson Kalia S. I. Bistolas Eva M. Quijano Cardé Jason B. Button Parker J. Foster Jacob M. Flanzenbaum Jan Kocian Chaunte K. Lewis Investigating the Complex Association Between Viral Ecology, Environment, and Northeast Pacific Sea Star Wasting |
topic_facet |
sea star wasting Asteroidea densovirus RNA virus pathogen Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
Sea Star Wasting Disease (SSWD) describes a suite of disease signs that affected >20 species of asteroid since 2013 along a broad geographic range from the Alaska Peninsula to Baja California. Previous work identified the Sea Star associated Densovirus (SSaDV) as the best candidate pathogen for SSWD in three species of common asteroid (Pycnopodia helianthoides, Pisaster ochraceus, and Evasterias troscheli), and virus-sized material (<0.22 μm) elicited SSWD signs in P. helianthoides. However, the ability of virus-sized material to elicit SSWD in other species of asteroids was not known. Discordance between detection of SSaDV by qPCR and by viral metagenomics inspired the redesign of qPCR primers to encompass SSaDV and two densoviral genotypes detected in wasting asteroids. Analysis of asteroid samples collected during SSWD emergence in 2013–2014 showed an association between wasting asteroid-associated densoviruses (WAaDs) and SSWD in only one species (P. helianthoides). WAaDs were found in association with asymptomatic asteroids in contemporary (2016 and later) populations, suggesting that they may form subclinical infections at the times they were sampled. WAaDs were found in SSWD-affected P. helianthoides after being absent in asymptomatic individuals a year earlier at one location (Kodiak). Direct challenge of P. ochraceus, Pisaster brevispinus, and E. troscheli with virus-sized material from SSWD-affected individuals did not elicit SSWD in any trial. RNA viral genomes discovered in viral metagenomes and host transcriptomes had viral loads and metagenome fragment recruitment patterns that were inconsistent with SSWD. Analysis of water temperature and precipitation patterns on a regional scale suggests that SSWD occurred following dry conditions at several locations, but mostly was inconsistently associated with either parameter. Semi-continuous monitoring of SSWD subtidally at two sites in the Salish Sea from 2013 to 2017 indicated that SSWD in E. troscheli and P. ochraceus was associated with elevated ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ian Hewson Kalia S. I. Bistolas Eva M. Quijano Cardé Jason B. Button Parker J. Foster Jacob M. Flanzenbaum Jan Kocian Chaunte K. Lewis |
author_facet |
Ian Hewson Kalia S. I. Bistolas Eva M. Quijano Cardé Jason B. Button Parker J. Foster Jacob M. Flanzenbaum Jan Kocian Chaunte K. Lewis |
author_sort |
Ian Hewson |
title |
Investigating the Complex Association Between Viral Ecology, Environment, and Northeast Pacific Sea Star Wasting |
title_short |
Investigating the Complex Association Between Viral Ecology, Environment, and Northeast Pacific Sea Star Wasting |
title_full |
Investigating the Complex Association Between Viral Ecology, Environment, and Northeast Pacific Sea Star Wasting |
title_fullStr |
Investigating the Complex Association Between Viral Ecology, Environment, and Northeast Pacific Sea Star Wasting |
title_full_unstemmed |
Investigating the Complex Association Between Viral Ecology, Environment, and Northeast Pacific Sea Star Wasting |
title_sort |
investigating the complex association between viral ecology, environment, and northeast pacific sea star wasting |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00077 https://doaj.org/article/6cb71d68ebc74a8e9c5f0401a934f7d1 |
geographic |
Baja Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Baja Pacific |
genre |
Kodiak Alaska |
genre_facet |
Kodiak Alaska |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 5 (2018) |
op_relation |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2018.00077/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00077 https://doaj.org/article/6cb71d68ebc74a8e9c5f0401a934f7d1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00077 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
5 |
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1766059037512695808 |