Interpreting malaria age-prevalence and incidence curves: a simulation study of the effects of different types of heterogeneity
Abstract Background Individuals in a malaria endemic community differ from one another. Many of these differences, such as heterogeneities in transmission or treatment-seeking behaviour, affect malaria epidemiology. The different kinds of heterogeneity are likely to be correlated. Little is known ab...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:6bf3fd1d02e24a7fb265b69dfddfe9ef 2023-05-15T15:14:20+02:00 Interpreting malaria age-prevalence and incidence curves: a simulation study of the effects of different types of heterogeneity Smith Thomas Ross Amanda 2010-05-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-132 https://doaj.org/article/6bf3fd1d02e24a7fb265b69dfddfe9ef EN eng BMC http://www.malariajournal.com/content/9/1/132 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-132 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/6bf3fd1d02e24a7fb265b69dfddfe9ef Malaria Journal, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 132 (2010) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2010 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-132 2022-12-31T04:58:18Z Abstract Background Individuals in a malaria endemic community differ from one another. Many of these differences, such as heterogeneities in transmission or treatment-seeking behaviour, affect malaria epidemiology. The different kinds of heterogeneity are likely to be correlated. Little is known about their impact on the shape of age-prevalence and incidence curves. In this study, the effects of heterogeneity in transmission, treatment-seeking and risk of co-morbidity were simulated. Methods Simple patterns of heterogeneity were incorporated into a comprehensive individual-based model of Plasmodium falciparum malaria epidemiology. The different types of heterogeneity were systematically simulated individually, and in independent and co-varying pairs. The effects on age-curves for parasite prevalence, uncomplicated and severe episodes, direct and indirect mortality and first-line treatments and hospital admissions were examined. Results Different heterogeneities affected different outcomes with large effects reserved for outcomes which are directly affected by the action of the heterogeneity rather than via feedback on acquired immunity or fever thresholds. Transmission heterogeneity affected the age-curves for all outcomes. The peak parasite prevalence was reduced and all age-incidence curves crossed those of the reference scenario with a lower incidence in younger children and higher in older age-groups. Heterogeneity in the probability of seeking treatment reduced the peak incidence of first-line treatment and hospital admissions. Heterogeneity in co-morbidity risk showed little overall effect, but high and low values cancelled out for outcomes directly affected by its action. Independently varying pairs of heterogeneities produced additive effects. More variable results were produced for co-varying heterogeneities, with striking differences compared to independent pairs for some outcomes which were affected by both heterogeneities individually. Conclusions Different kinds of heterogeneity both have different ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 9 1 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Smith Thomas Ross Amanda Interpreting malaria age-prevalence and incidence curves: a simulation study of the effects of different types of heterogeneity |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Individuals in a malaria endemic community differ from one another. Many of these differences, such as heterogeneities in transmission or treatment-seeking behaviour, affect malaria epidemiology. The different kinds of heterogeneity are likely to be correlated. Little is known about their impact on the shape of age-prevalence and incidence curves. In this study, the effects of heterogeneity in transmission, treatment-seeking and risk of co-morbidity were simulated. Methods Simple patterns of heterogeneity were incorporated into a comprehensive individual-based model of Plasmodium falciparum malaria epidemiology. The different types of heterogeneity were systematically simulated individually, and in independent and co-varying pairs. The effects on age-curves for parasite prevalence, uncomplicated and severe episodes, direct and indirect mortality and first-line treatments and hospital admissions were examined. Results Different heterogeneities affected different outcomes with large effects reserved for outcomes which are directly affected by the action of the heterogeneity rather than via feedback on acquired immunity or fever thresholds. Transmission heterogeneity affected the age-curves for all outcomes. The peak parasite prevalence was reduced and all age-incidence curves crossed those of the reference scenario with a lower incidence in younger children and higher in older age-groups. Heterogeneity in the probability of seeking treatment reduced the peak incidence of first-line treatment and hospital admissions. Heterogeneity in co-morbidity risk showed little overall effect, but high and low values cancelled out for outcomes directly affected by its action. Independently varying pairs of heterogeneities produced additive effects. More variable results were produced for co-varying heterogeneities, with striking differences compared to independent pairs for some outcomes which were affected by both heterogeneities individually. Conclusions Different kinds of heterogeneity both have different ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Smith Thomas Ross Amanda |
author_facet |
Smith Thomas Ross Amanda |
author_sort |
Smith Thomas |
title |
Interpreting malaria age-prevalence and incidence curves: a simulation study of the effects of different types of heterogeneity |
title_short |
Interpreting malaria age-prevalence and incidence curves: a simulation study of the effects of different types of heterogeneity |
title_full |
Interpreting malaria age-prevalence and incidence curves: a simulation study of the effects of different types of heterogeneity |
title_fullStr |
Interpreting malaria age-prevalence and incidence curves: a simulation study of the effects of different types of heterogeneity |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interpreting malaria age-prevalence and incidence curves: a simulation study of the effects of different types of heterogeneity |
title_sort |
interpreting malaria age-prevalence and incidence curves: a simulation study of the effects of different types of heterogeneity |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-132 https://doaj.org/article/6bf3fd1d02e24a7fb265b69dfddfe9ef |
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Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 132 (2010) |
op_relation |
http://www.malariajournal.com/content/9/1/132 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-132 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/6bf3fd1d02e24a7fb265b69dfddfe9ef |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-132 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766344801148469248 |