Inventing the Grand Banks: A deep chart

• Published in: Geo: Geography and Environment
• Main Authors: Charles Travis, Francis Ludlow, Al Matthews, Kevin Lougheed, Kieran Rankin, Bernard Allaire, Robert Legg, Patrick Hayes, Richard Breen, John Nicholls, Lydia Towns, Poul Holm
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2020
• Subjects: Benjamin Franklin’s Gulp Stream Chart; Cabot Voyage; Deep Chart; Fish Revolution 1500-1800; Grand Banks; Humanities GIS; Environmental sciences; GE1-350; Geography (General); G1-922; Cabot; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.85; https://doaj.org/article/6b73e9a7b14f486f906310a170b54cbc

As a feature of the Fish Revolution (1400–1700), the early modern “invention” of the Grand Banks in literary and cartographical documents facilitated a massive and unprecedented extraction of cod from the waters of the north Atlantic and created the Cod/Sack trade Triangle. This overlapped with the southern Atlantic Slave, Sugar, and Tobacco Triangle to capitalise modern European and North American societies. In 1719, Pierre de Charlevoix claimed that the Grand Banks was “properly a mountain, hid under water,” and noted its cod population “seems to equal that of the grains of sand which cover this bank.” However, two centuries later in 1992, in the face of the collapse of the fishery, and fearing its extinction, a moratorium was placed on five centuries of harvesting Grand Banks cod. The invention and mining of its waters serves as a bellwether for the massive resource extractions of modernity that drive the current leviathan and “wicked problem” of global warming. The digital environmental humanities narrative of this study is parsed together from 83 pieces of Grand Banks charting from 1504 to 1833, which are juxtaposed through Humanities GIS applications with English and French cod‐catch records kept between 1675 and 1831, letters regarding Cabot's 1497 voyage, Shakespeare's The Tempest (1611) and scientific essays by De Brahms (1772) and Franklin (1786).