The present-day and future impact of NO x emissions from subsonic aircraft on the atmosphere in relation to the impact of NO x surface sources

• Published in: Annales Geophysicae
• Main Authors: P. J. M. Valks, G. J. M. Velders
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Copernicus Publications 1999
• Subjects: Science; Q; Physics; QC1-999; Geophysics. Cosmic physics; QC801-809; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1064-7; https://doaj.org/article/6b41a2de0d304f019b88df6535fc747d

The effect of present-day and future NO x emissions from aircraft on the NO x and ozone concentrations in the atmosphere and the corresponding radiative forcing were studied using a three-dimensional chemistry transport model (CTM) and a radiative model. The effects of the aircraft emissions were compared with the effects of the three most important anthropogenic NO x surface sources: road traffic, electricity generation and industrial combustion. From the model results, NO x emissions from aircraft are seen to cause an increase in the NO x and ozone concentrations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, and a positive radiative forcing. For the reference year 1990, the aircraft emissions result in an increase in the NO x concentration at 250 hPa of about 20 ppt in January and 50 ppt in July over the eastern USA, the North Atlantic Flight Corridor and Western Europe, corresponding to a relative increase of about 50%. The maximum increase in the ozone concentrations due to the aircraft emissions is about 3-4 ppb in July over the northern mid-latitudes, corresponding to a relative increase of about 3-4%. The aircraft-induced ozone changes cause a global average radiative forcing of 0.025 W/m 2 in July. According to the ANCAT projection for the year 2015, the aircraft NO x emissions in that year will be 90% higher than in the year 1990. As a consequence of this, the calculated NO x perturbation by aircraft emissions increases by about 90% between 1990 and 2015, and the ozone perturbation by about 50-70%. The global average radiative forcing due to the aircraft-induced ozone changes increases by about 50% between 1990 and 2015. In the year 2015, the effects of the aircraft emissions on the ozone burden and radiative forcing are clearly larger than the individual effects of the NO x surface sources. Taking chemical conversion in the aircraft plume into account in the CTM explicitly, by means of modified aircraft NO x emissions, a significant reduction of the aircraft-induced NO x and ozone perturbations is ...