Filling ecological gaps in Chilean Central Patagonia: Patterns of biodiversity and distribution of sublittoral benthic invertebrates from the Katalalixar National Reserve waters (~48°S)

• Published in: Frontiers in Marine Science
• Main Authors: Germán Zapata-Hernández, Matthias Gorny, Américo Montiel
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
• Subjects: marine biodiversity; sublittoral benthos; zoogeography; channels and fjords; chilean patagonia; remotely operate vehicle; Science; Q; General. Including nature conservation; geographical distribution; QH1-199.5; Antarctic; Pacific; Patagonia; The Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.951195; https://doaj.org/article/6a4f060fbd224850b1c19fdc960f8821

Knowledge about the composition, diversity, and geographic distribution of marine species is important for successful conservation planning in the future. The ecological and zoogeographic patterns of benthic communities in Central Patagonia have been scarcely studied, due to the remoteness of the area combined with harsh weather conditions. During the past years, five scientific expeditions were executed in order to study the biodiversity, ecological, and biogeographical patterns of benthic invertebrates in the Katalalixar National Reserve (KNR) waters, Central Patagonia (~48°S). Our analyses comprised images from 26 video transects using a remotely operated vehicle, completed with biological sampling at four stations by means of SCUBA diving, covering a bathymetric range from 10 to 220 m depth. Stations covered the entire longitudinal range of the KNR, from inner channels to the Pacific Ocean. A total of 187 benthic invertebrate taxa were identified as OTUs (operational taxonomic units), with mollusks being the most conspicuous taxonomic group (18.7%), followed by sponges, echinoderms (16.6% each), and arthropods (14.4%). A higher OTU richness (42 to 51 OTUs) was observed in the central and western parts of the KNR waters. Analyses of the β-diversity indicated a similar level of species turnover between shallow, intermediate, and deep strata, as well as an important turnover between different locations. Dissimilitudes in the assemblage structure of invertebrates were explained mainly by changes in substrate types and longitude. Most of the species (49%) found in the KNR waters showed a wide latitudinal distribution range along the Eastern South Pacific Ocean (ESP) and the Chilean Patagonia of fjords and channels (CPFC) (~18°S and ~56°S), whereas 9.4% of the species have a wide distribution range between the CPFC and south of the Antarctic polar front (SAPF) (~42°S and ~65°S). Since only 16.7% of the species identified in the KNR are distributed exclusively in CPFC waters, it may be considered a transition area ...