Long-term effects of snowmelt timing and climate warming on phenology, growth, and reproductive effort of Arctic tundra plant species1
Arctic regions are particularly affected by rapidly rising temperatures and altered snow regimes. Snowmelt timing depends on spring temperatures and winter snow accumulation. Scenarios for the Arctic include both decreases and increases in snow accumulation. Predictions of future snowmelt timing are...
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Canadian Science Publishing
2022
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0028 https://doaj.org/article/6a3ce0e2668c48e1b94c9e3c44b537b5 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:6a3ce0e2668c48e1b94c9e3c44b537b5 2023-05-15T13:15:26+02:00 Long-term effects of snowmelt timing and climate warming on phenology, growth, and reproductive effort of Arctic tundra plant species1 Esther R. Frei Gregory H.R. Henry 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0028 https://doaj.org/article/6a3ce0e2668c48e1b94c9e3c44b537b5 EN FR eng fre Canadian Science Publishing https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/as-2021-0028 https://doaj.org/toc/2368-7460 doi:10.1139/as-2021-0028 2368-7460 https://doaj.org/article/6a3ce0e2668c48e1b94c9e3c44b537b5 Arctic Science, Vol 8, Iss 3, Pp 700-721 (2022) Alexandra Fiord experimental warming experimental snow manipulation phenology growth and reproductive traits International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Environmental engineering TA170-171 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0028 2022-12-30T23:29:25Z Arctic regions are particularly affected by rapidly rising temperatures and altered snow regimes. Snowmelt timing depends on spring temperatures and winter snow accumulation. Scenarios for the Arctic include both decreases and increases in snow accumulation. Predictions of future snowmelt timing are, thus, difficult and experimental evidence for ecological consequences is scarce. In 1995, a long-term factorial experiment was set up in a High Arctic evergreen shrub heath community on Ellesmere Island, Canada. We investigated how snow removal, snow addition, and passive warming affected phenology, growth and reproductive effort of the four common tundra plant species Cassiope tetragona (L.) D. Don, Dryas integrifolia Vahl, Luzula arctica Blytt, and Papaver radicatum Rottb. Timing of flowering and seed maturation as well as flower production were more strongly influenced by the combined effects of snowmelt timing and warming in the two shrub species than in the two herbaceous species. Warming effects persisted over the course of the growing season and resulted in increased shrub growth. Moreover, the long-term trend of increasing growth in two species suggests that ambient warming promotes tundra plant growth. Our results confirm the importance of complex interactions between temperature and snowmelt timing in driving species-specific plant responses to climate change in the Arctic. Article in Journal/Newspaper Alexandra Fiord Arctic Arctic Cassiope tetragona Climate change Ellesmere Island Luzula arctica Papaver radicatum Tundra Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Ellesmere Island Canada Alexandra Fiord ENVELOPE(-75.797,-75.797,78.885,78.885) Arctic Science 1 22 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English French |
topic |
Alexandra Fiord experimental warming experimental snow manipulation phenology growth and reproductive traits International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Environmental engineering TA170-171 |
spellingShingle |
Alexandra Fiord experimental warming experimental snow manipulation phenology growth and reproductive traits International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Environmental engineering TA170-171 Esther R. Frei Gregory H.R. Henry Long-term effects of snowmelt timing and climate warming on phenology, growth, and reproductive effort of Arctic tundra plant species1 |
topic_facet |
Alexandra Fiord experimental warming experimental snow manipulation phenology growth and reproductive traits International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Environmental engineering TA170-171 |
description |
Arctic regions are particularly affected by rapidly rising temperatures and altered snow regimes. Snowmelt timing depends on spring temperatures and winter snow accumulation. Scenarios for the Arctic include both decreases and increases in snow accumulation. Predictions of future snowmelt timing are, thus, difficult and experimental evidence for ecological consequences is scarce. In 1995, a long-term factorial experiment was set up in a High Arctic evergreen shrub heath community on Ellesmere Island, Canada. We investigated how snow removal, snow addition, and passive warming affected phenology, growth and reproductive effort of the four common tundra plant species Cassiope tetragona (L.) D. Don, Dryas integrifolia Vahl, Luzula arctica Blytt, and Papaver radicatum Rottb. Timing of flowering and seed maturation as well as flower production were more strongly influenced by the combined effects of snowmelt timing and warming in the two shrub species than in the two herbaceous species. Warming effects persisted over the course of the growing season and resulted in increased shrub growth. Moreover, the long-term trend of increasing growth in two species suggests that ambient warming promotes tundra plant growth. Our results confirm the importance of complex interactions between temperature and snowmelt timing in driving species-specific plant responses to climate change in the Arctic. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Esther R. Frei Gregory H.R. Henry |
author_facet |
Esther R. Frei Gregory H.R. Henry |
author_sort |
Esther R. Frei |
title |
Long-term effects of snowmelt timing and climate warming on phenology, growth, and reproductive effort of Arctic tundra plant species1 |
title_short |
Long-term effects of snowmelt timing and climate warming on phenology, growth, and reproductive effort of Arctic tundra plant species1 |
title_full |
Long-term effects of snowmelt timing and climate warming on phenology, growth, and reproductive effort of Arctic tundra plant species1 |
title_fullStr |
Long-term effects of snowmelt timing and climate warming on phenology, growth, and reproductive effort of Arctic tundra plant species1 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Long-term effects of snowmelt timing and climate warming on phenology, growth, and reproductive effort of Arctic tundra plant species1 |
title_sort |
long-term effects of snowmelt timing and climate warming on phenology, growth, and reproductive effort of arctic tundra plant species1 |
publisher |
Canadian Science Publishing |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0028 https://doaj.org/article/6a3ce0e2668c48e1b94c9e3c44b537b5 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-75.797,-75.797,78.885,78.885) |
geographic |
Arctic Ellesmere Island Canada Alexandra Fiord |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Ellesmere Island Canada Alexandra Fiord |
genre |
Alexandra Fiord Arctic Arctic Cassiope tetragona Climate change Ellesmere Island Luzula arctica Papaver radicatum Tundra |
genre_facet |
Alexandra Fiord Arctic Arctic Cassiope tetragona Climate change Ellesmere Island Luzula arctica Papaver radicatum Tundra |
op_source |
Arctic Science, Vol 8, Iss 3, Pp 700-721 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/as-2021-0028 https://doaj.org/toc/2368-7460 doi:10.1139/as-2021-0028 2368-7460 https://doaj.org/article/6a3ce0e2668c48e1b94c9e3c44b537b5 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0028 |
container_title |
Arctic Science |
container_start_page |
1 |
op_container_end_page |
22 |
_version_ |
1766268587125768192 |