The effects of ionic strength on the toxicity of aluminium to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) under non-steady state chemical conditions
We have tested the influence of water ionic strength on the toxicity of aluminium in fish by comparing the mortality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr exposed to Al-rich water with additions of Ca2+ or Na+. The fish were exposed in parallel to Al-rich water (Al 500 μg l-1, pH 5.8) under non-stea...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:68d675241f42442bb36f3ff8a659236a 2023-05-15T15:31:14+02:00 The effects of ionic strength on the toxicity of aluminium to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) under non-steady state chemical conditions Antonio B.S. POLÉO Leif Asbjørn VØLLESTAD Frode BJERKELY Ronny A. ANDERSEN Kjartan ØSTBYE Sigurd ØXNEVAD Espen LYDERSEN 2002-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2002.69 https://doaj.org/article/68d675241f42442bb36f3ff8a659236a EN eng PAGEPress Publications http://www.jlimnol.it/index.php/jlimnol/article/view/366 https://doaj.org/toc/1129-5767 https://doaj.org/toc/1723-8633 doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2002.69 1129-5767 1723-8633 https://doaj.org/article/68d675241f42442bb36f3ff8a659236a Journal of Limnology, Vol 61, Iss 1, Pp 69-76 (2002) acidification aluminium toxicity fish Atlantic salmon ionic strength Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Physical geography GB3-5030 Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2002 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2002.69 2022-12-31T10:42:54Z We have tested the influence of water ionic strength on the toxicity of aluminium in fish by comparing the mortality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr exposed to Al-rich water with additions of Ca2+ or Na+. The fish were exposed in parallel to Al-rich water (Al 500 μg l-1, pH 5.8) under non-steady state conditions, with and without the addition of one of the two base cations. The amount of Na+ and Ca2+ added to the water was calculated in order to obtain an identical increase in water ionic strength. Fish mortality was dependent on water residence time and whether or not base cations were added to the Al-rich water. In all Al-exposures, the highest mortality was always observed in fish exposed to water with the shortest residence time. Mortality decreased systematically with increasing water residence time through the exposure set-up. The addition of a base cation, Ca2+ or Na+, to the Al-rich water reduced fish mortality significantly compared to the Al-only exposures. Furthermore, increasing ionic strength with Na+ reduced mortality to a larger extent than the corresponding increase in ionic strength by the addition of Ca2+. The variation in mortality between the various aluminium and base cation treatments is discussed in terms of aluminium chemistry, specific mitigating effects of Ca2+ and Na+, and the general importance of water ionic strength. This study clearly demonstrates that Ca2+ does not play an unique role as an ameliorating cation for Al-toxicity in fish under non-steady state chemical conditions. Thus, ionic strength seems to be important, probably for the interaction between aluminium and the gill surface, reducing the possibility for positively charged aluminium species to bind to negatively charged sites. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Journal of Limnology 61 1 69 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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language |
English |
topic |
acidification aluminium toxicity fish Atlantic salmon ionic strength Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Physical geography GB3-5030 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
acidification aluminium toxicity fish Atlantic salmon ionic strength Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Physical geography GB3-5030 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Antonio B.S. POLÉO Leif Asbjørn VØLLESTAD Frode BJERKELY Ronny A. ANDERSEN Kjartan ØSTBYE Sigurd ØXNEVAD Espen LYDERSEN The effects of ionic strength on the toxicity of aluminium to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) under non-steady state chemical conditions |
topic_facet |
acidification aluminium toxicity fish Atlantic salmon ionic strength Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Physical geography GB3-5030 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
We have tested the influence of water ionic strength on the toxicity of aluminium in fish by comparing the mortality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr exposed to Al-rich water with additions of Ca2+ or Na+. The fish were exposed in parallel to Al-rich water (Al 500 μg l-1, pH 5.8) under non-steady state conditions, with and without the addition of one of the two base cations. The amount of Na+ and Ca2+ added to the water was calculated in order to obtain an identical increase in water ionic strength. Fish mortality was dependent on water residence time and whether or not base cations were added to the Al-rich water. In all Al-exposures, the highest mortality was always observed in fish exposed to water with the shortest residence time. Mortality decreased systematically with increasing water residence time through the exposure set-up. The addition of a base cation, Ca2+ or Na+, to the Al-rich water reduced fish mortality significantly compared to the Al-only exposures. Furthermore, increasing ionic strength with Na+ reduced mortality to a larger extent than the corresponding increase in ionic strength by the addition of Ca2+. The variation in mortality between the various aluminium and base cation treatments is discussed in terms of aluminium chemistry, specific mitigating effects of Ca2+ and Na+, and the general importance of water ionic strength. This study clearly demonstrates that Ca2+ does not play an unique role as an ameliorating cation for Al-toxicity in fish under non-steady state chemical conditions. Thus, ionic strength seems to be important, probably for the interaction between aluminium and the gill surface, reducing the possibility for positively charged aluminium species to bind to negatively charged sites. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Antonio B.S. POLÉO Leif Asbjørn VØLLESTAD Frode BJERKELY Ronny A. ANDERSEN Kjartan ØSTBYE Sigurd ØXNEVAD Espen LYDERSEN |
author_facet |
Antonio B.S. POLÉO Leif Asbjørn VØLLESTAD Frode BJERKELY Ronny A. ANDERSEN Kjartan ØSTBYE Sigurd ØXNEVAD Espen LYDERSEN |
author_sort |
Antonio B.S. POLÉO |
title |
The effects of ionic strength on the toxicity of aluminium to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) under non-steady state chemical conditions |
title_short |
The effects of ionic strength on the toxicity of aluminium to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) under non-steady state chemical conditions |
title_full |
The effects of ionic strength on the toxicity of aluminium to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) under non-steady state chemical conditions |
title_fullStr |
The effects of ionic strength on the toxicity of aluminium to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) under non-steady state chemical conditions |
title_full_unstemmed |
The effects of ionic strength on the toxicity of aluminium to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) under non-steady state chemical conditions |
title_sort |
effects of ionic strength on the toxicity of aluminium to atlantic salmon (salmo salar) under non-steady state chemical conditions |
publisher |
PAGEPress Publications |
publishDate |
2002 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2002.69 https://doaj.org/article/68d675241f42442bb36f3ff8a659236a |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Journal of Limnology, Vol 61, Iss 1, Pp 69-76 (2002) |
op_relation |
http://www.jlimnol.it/index.php/jlimnol/article/view/366 https://doaj.org/toc/1129-5767 https://doaj.org/toc/1723-8633 doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2002.69 1129-5767 1723-8633 https://doaj.org/article/68d675241f42442bb36f3ff8a659236a |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2002.69 |
container_title |
Journal of Limnology |
container_volume |
61 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
69 |
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1766361729801912320 |