Southernmost Asia is the source of Japanese encephalitis virus (genotype 1) diversity from which the viruses disperse and evolve throughout Asia.
BACKGROUND: Although a previous study predicted that Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) originated in the Malaysia/Indonesia region, the virus is known to circulate mainly on the Asian continent. However, there are no reported systematic studies that adequately define how JEV then dispersed throughou...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:68a6170af07d47caaeefaeee66b933e5 2023-05-15T15:09:35+02:00 Southernmost Asia is the source of Japanese encephalitis virus (genotype 1) diversity from which the viruses disperse and evolve throughout Asia. Xiaoyan Gao Hong Liu Huanyu Wang Shihong Fu Zhenyang Guo Guodong Liang 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002459 https://doaj.org/article/68a6170af07d47caaeefaeee66b933e5 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3777887?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002459 https://doaj.org/article/68a6170af07d47caaeefaeee66b933e5 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 7, Iss 9, p e2459 (2013) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2013 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002459 2023-01-08T01:27:34Z BACKGROUND: Although a previous study predicted that Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) originated in the Malaysia/Indonesia region, the virus is known to circulate mainly on the Asian continent. However, there are no reported systematic studies that adequately define how JEV then dispersed throughout Asia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In order to understand the mode of JEV dispersal throughout the entire Asian continent and the factors that determine the dispersal characteristics of JEV, a phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations was conducted on all available JEV E gene sequences in GenBank, plus strains recently isolated in China. Here we demonstrate for the first time that JEV lineages can be divided into four endemic cycles, comprising southern Asia, eastern coastal Asia, western Asia, and central Asia. The isolation places of the viruses in each endemic cycle were geographically independent regardless of years, vectors, and hosts of isolation. Following further analysis, we propose that the southernmost region (Thailand, Vietnam, and Yunnan Province, China) was the source of JEV transmission to the Asian continent following its emergence. Three independent transmission routes from the south to north appear to define subsequent dispersal of JEV. Analysis of JEV population dynamics further supports these concepts. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results and their interpretation provide new insights into our understanding of JEV evolution and dispersal and highlight its potential for introduction into non-endemic areas. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 7 9 e2459 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
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English |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Xiaoyan Gao Hong Liu Huanyu Wang Shihong Fu Zhenyang Guo Guodong Liang Southernmost Asia is the source of Japanese encephalitis virus (genotype 1) diversity from which the viruses disperse and evolve throughout Asia. |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
BACKGROUND: Although a previous study predicted that Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) originated in the Malaysia/Indonesia region, the virus is known to circulate mainly on the Asian continent. However, there are no reported systematic studies that adequately define how JEV then dispersed throughout Asia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In order to understand the mode of JEV dispersal throughout the entire Asian continent and the factors that determine the dispersal characteristics of JEV, a phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations was conducted on all available JEV E gene sequences in GenBank, plus strains recently isolated in China. Here we demonstrate for the first time that JEV lineages can be divided into four endemic cycles, comprising southern Asia, eastern coastal Asia, western Asia, and central Asia. The isolation places of the viruses in each endemic cycle were geographically independent regardless of years, vectors, and hosts of isolation. Following further analysis, we propose that the southernmost region (Thailand, Vietnam, and Yunnan Province, China) was the source of JEV transmission to the Asian continent following its emergence. Three independent transmission routes from the south to north appear to define subsequent dispersal of JEV. Analysis of JEV population dynamics further supports these concepts. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results and their interpretation provide new insights into our understanding of JEV evolution and dispersal and highlight its potential for introduction into non-endemic areas. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Xiaoyan Gao Hong Liu Huanyu Wang Shihong Fu Zhenyang Guo Guodong Liang |
author_facet |
Xiaoyan Gao Hong Liu Huanyu Wang Shihong Fu Zhenyang Guo Guodong Liang |
author_sort |
Xiaoyan Gao |
title |
Southernmost Asia is the source of Japanese encephalitis virus (genotype 1) diversity from which the viruses disperse and evolve throughout Asia. |
title_short |
Southernmost Asia is the source of Japanese encephalitis virus (genotype 1) diversity from which the viruses disperse and evolve throughout Asia. |
title_full |
Southernmost Asia is the source of Japanese encephalitis virus (genotype 1) diversity from which the viruses disperse and evolve throughout Asia. |
title_fullStr |
Southernmost Asia is the source of Japanese encephalitis virus (genotype 1) diversity from which the viruses disperse and evolve throughout Asia. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Southernmost Asia is the source of Japanese encephalitis virus (genotype 1) diversity from which the viruses disperse and evolve throughout Asia. |
title_sort |
southernmost asia is the source of japanese encephalitis virus (genotype 1) diversity from which the viruses disperse and evolve throughout asia. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002459 https://doaj.org/article/68a6170af07d47caaeefaeee66b933e5 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 7, Iss 9, p e2459 (2013) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3777887?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002459 https://doaj.org/article/68a6170af07d47caaeefaeee66b933e5 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002459 |
container_title |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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7 |
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9 |
container_start_page |
e2459 |
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1766340748112822272 |