Revealing the Characteristics of the Antarctic Snow Alga Chlorominima collina gen. et sp. nov. Through Taxonomy, Physiology, and Transcriptomics
Snow algae play crucial roles in cold ecosystems, however, many aspects related to their biology, adaptations and especially their diversity are not well known. To improve the identification of snow algae from colored snow, in the present study we used a polyphasic approach to describe a new Antarct...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:6738d55a01dc4813a9da6d5d8d54c839 2023-05-15T13:52:09+02:00 Revealing the Characteristics of the Antarctic Snow Alga Chlorominima collina gen. et sp. nov. Through Taxonomy, Physiology, and Transcriptomics Francisca E. Gálvez Mónica Saldarriaga-Córdoba Pirjo Huovinen Andrea X. Silva Iván Gómez 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.662298 https://doaj.org/article/6738d55a01dc4813a9da6d5d8d54c839 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.662298/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-462X 1664-462X doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.662298 https://doaj.org/article/6738d55a01dc4813a9da6d5d8d54c839 Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021) Antarctic Chlorominima polyphasic approach psychrophilic snow algae cysts Plant culture SB1-1110 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.662298 2022-12-31T09:18:10Z Snow algae play crucial roles in cold ecosystems, however, many aspects related to their biology, adaptations and especially their diversity are not well known. To improve the identification of snow algae from colored snow, in the present study we used a polyphasic approach to describe a new Antarctic genus, Chlorominima with the species type Chlorominima collina. This new taxon was isolated of colored snow collected from the Collins Glacier (King George Island) in the Maritime Antarctic region. Microscopy revealed biflagellated ellipsoidal cells with a rounded posterior end, a C-shaped parietal chloroplast without a pyrenoid, eyespot, and discrete papillae. Several of these characteristics are typical of the genus Chloromonas, but the new isolate differs from the described species of this genus by the unusual small size of the cells, the presence of several vacuoles, the position of the nucleus and the shape of the chloroplast. Molecular analyzes confirm that the isolated alga does not belong to Chloromonas and therefore forms an independent lineage, which is closely related to other unidentified Antarctic and Arctic strains, forming a polar subclade in the Stephanosphaerinia phylogroup within the Chlamydomonadales. Secondary structure comparisons of the ITS2 rDNA marker support the idea that new strain is a distinct taxon within of Caudivolvoxa. Physiological experiments revealed psychrophilic characteristics, which are typical of true snow algae. This status was confirmed by the partial transcriptome obtained at 2°C, in which various cold-responsive and cryoprotective genes were identified. This study explores the systematics, cold acclimatization strategies and their implications for the Antarctic snow flora. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Collins Glacier King George Island Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Antarctic The Antarctic King George Island Collins Glacier ENVELOPE(65.308,65.308,-73.829,-73.829) Frontiers in Plant Science 12 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Antarctic Chlorominima polyphasic approach psychrophilic snow algae cysts Plant culture SB1-1110 |
spellingShingle |
Antarctic Chlorominima polyphasic approach psychrophilic snow algae cysts Plant culture SB1-1110 Francisca E. Gálvez Mónica Saldarriaga-Córdoba Pirjo Huovinen Andrea X. Silva Iván Gómez Revealing the Characteristics of the Antarctic Snow Alga Chlorominima collina gen. et sp. nov. Through Taxonomy, Physiology, and Transcriptomics |
topic_facet |
Antarctic Chlorominima polyphasic approach psychrophilic snow algae cysts Plant culture SB1-1110 |
description |
Snow algae play crucial roles in cold ecosystems, however, many aspects related to their biology, adaptations and especially their diversity are not well known. To improve the identification of snow algae from colored snow, in the present study we used a polyphasic approach to describe a new Antarctic genus, Chlorominima with the species type Chlorominima collina. This new taxon was isolated of colored snow collected from the Collins Glacier (King George Island) in the Maritime Antarctic region. Microscopy revealed biflagellated ellipsoidal cells with a rounded posterior end, a C-shaped parietal chloroplast without a pyrenoid, eyespot, and discrete papillae. Several of these characteristics are typical of the genus Chloromonas, but the new isolate differs from the described species of this genus by the unusual small size of the cells, the presence of several vacuoles, the position of the nucleus and the shape of the chloroplast. Molecular analyzes confirm that the isolated alga does not belong to Chloromonas and therefore forms an independent lineage, which is closely related to other unidentified Antarctic and Arctic strains, forming a polar subclade in the Stephanosphaerinia phylogroup within the Chlamydomonadales. Secondary structure comparisons of the ITS2 rDNA marker support the idea that new strain is a distinct taxon within of Caudivolvoxa. Physiological experiments revealed psychrophilic characteristics, which are typical of true snow algae. This status was confirmed by the partial transcriptome obtained at 2°C, in which various cold-responsive and cryoprotective genes were identified. This study explores the systematics, cold acclimatization strategies and their implications for the Antarctic snow flora. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Francisca E. Gálvez Mónica Saldarriaga-Córdoba Pirjo Huovinen Andrea X. Silva Iván Gómez |
author_facet |
Francisca E. Gálvez Mónica Saldarriaga-Córdoba Pirjo Huovinen Andrea X. Silva Iván Gómez |
author_sort |
Francisca E. Gálvez |
title |
Revealing the Characteristics of the Antarctic Snow Alga Chlorominima collina gen. et sp. nov. Through Taxonomy, Physiology, and Transcriptomics |
title_short |
Revealing the Characteristics of the Antarctic Snow Alga Chlorominima collina gen. et sp. nov. Through Taxonomy, Physiology, and Transcriptomics |
title_full |
Revealing the Characteristics of the Antarctic Snow Alga Chlorominima collina gen. et sp. nov. Through Taxonomy, Physiology, and Transcriptomics |
title_fullStr |
Revealing the Characteristics of the Antarctic Snow Alga Chlorominima collina gen. et sp. nov. Through Taxonomy, Physiology, and Transcriptomics |
title_full_unstemmed |
Revealing the Characteristics of the Antarctic Snow Alga Chlorominima collina gen. et sp. nov. Through Taxonomy, Physiology, and Transcriptomics |
title_sort |
revealing the characteristics of the antarctic snow alga chlorominima collina gen. et sp. nov. through taxonomy, physiology, and transcriptomics |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.662298 https://doaj.org/article/6738d55a01dc4813a9da6d5d8d54c839 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(65.308,65.308,-73.829,-73.829) |
geographic |
Arctic Antarctic The Antarctic King George Island Collins Glacier |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Antarctic The Antarctic King George Island Collins Glacier |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Collins Glacier King George Island |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Collins Glacier King George Island |
op_source |
Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.662298/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-462X 1664-462X doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.662298 https://doaj.org/article/6738d55a01dc4813a9da6d5d8d54c839 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.662298 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Plant Science |
container_volume |
12 |
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1766256422713032704 |