Net age, but not integrity, may be associated with decreased protection against Plasmodium falciparum infection in southern Malawi
Abstract Background Distribution campaigns for insecticide-treated nets (ITN) have increased the use of ITNs in Malawi, but malaria prevalence remains high even among those using the nets. Previous studies have addressed ITN ownership, insecticide resistance, and frequency of ITN use as possible con...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2930-8 https://doaj.org/article/66edc83e8b1e4b75a9c5cb9b77b6d298 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:66edc83e8b1e4b75a9c5cb9b77b6d298 2023-05-15T15:17:39+02:00 Net age, but not integrity, may be associated with decreased protection against Plasmodium falciparum infection in southern Malawi Liana R. Andronescu Andrea G. Buchwald Jenna E. Coalson Lauren Cohee Andy Bauleni Jenny A. Walldorf Chifundo Kandangwe Themba Mzilahowa Terrie E. Taylor Don P. Mathanga Miriam K. Laufer 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2930-8 https://doaj.org/article/66edc83e8b1e4b75a9c5cb9b77b6d298 EN eng BMC http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-019-2930-8 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-019-2930-8 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/66edc83e8b1e4b75a9c5cb9b77b6d298 Malaria Journal, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2019) ITN Malawi Efficacy Malaria control Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2930-8 2022-12-31T03:31:30Z Abstract Background Distribution campaigns for insecticide-treated nets (ITN) have increased the use of ITNs in Malawi, but malaria prevalence remains high even among those using the nets. Previous studies have addressed ITN ownership, insecticide resistance, and frequency of ITN use as possible contributing factors to the high prevalence of malaria infection despite high ITN coverage, but have rarely considered whether the condition of the ITN, or how many people use it, impacts efficacy. This study assessed how ITN integrity, ITN age, and the number of persons sharing a net might mitigate or reduce protective efficacy among self-identified ITN users in Malawi. Methods From 2012 to 2014, six cross-sectional surveys were conducted in both the rainy and dry seasons in southern Malawi. Data were collected on ITN use, integrity (number and size of holes), and age. Blood samples for detecting Plasmodium falciparum infection were obtained from reported ITN users over 6 months of age. Generalized linear mixed models were used to account for clustering at the household and community level. The final model controlled for gender, household eaves, and community-level infection prevalence during the rainy season. Results There were 9646 ITN users with blood samples across six surveys, 15% of whom tested positive for P. falciparum infection. Among children under 5 years old, there was a 50% increased odds of P. falciparum infection among those sleeping under an ITN older than two years, compared to those using an ITN less than 2 years old (OR = 1.50; 95% CI 1.07–2.08). ITN integrity and number of individuals sharing an ITN were not associated with P. falciparum infection. Conclusions Older ITNs were associated with higher rates of P. falciparum in young children, which may indicate that insecticide concentrations play a larger role in infection prevention than the physical barrier of an ITN. ITN use was self-reported and the integrity measures lacked the precision of newer methods, suggesting a need for objective measures ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 18 1 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
ITN Malawi Efficacy Malaria control Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
ITN Malawi Efficacy Malaria control Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Liana R. Andronescu Andrea G. Buchwald Jenna E. Coalson Lauren Cohee Andy Bauleni Jenny A. Walldorf Chifundo Kandangwe Themba Mzilahowa Terrie E. Taylor Don P. Mathanga Miriam K. Laufer Net age, but not integrity, may be associated with decreased protection against Plasmodium falciparum infection in southern Malawi |
topic_facet |
ITN Malawi Efficacy Malaria control Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Distribution campaigns for insecticide-treated nets (ITN) have increased the use of ITNs in Malawi, but malaria prevalence remains high even among those using the nets. Previous studies have addressed ITN ownership, insecticide resistance, and frequency of ITN use as possible contributing factors to the high prevalence of malaria infection despite high ITN coverage, but have rarely considered whether the condition of the ITN, or how many people use it, impacts efficacy. This study assessed how ITN integrity, ITN age, and the number of persons sharing a net might mitigate or reduce protective efficacy among self-identified ITN users in Malawi. Methods From 2012 to 2014, six cross-sectional surveys were conducted in both the rainy and dry seasons in southern Malawi. Data were collected on ITN use, integrity (number and size of holes), and age. Blood samples for detecting Plasmodium falciparum infection were obtained from reported ITN users over 6 months of age. Generalized linear mixed models were used to account for clustering at the household and community level. The final model controlled for gender, household eaves, and community-level infection prevalence during the rainy season. Results There were 9646 ITN users with blood samples across six surveys, 15% of whom tested positive for P. falciparum infection. Among children under 5 years old, there was a 50% increased odds of P. falciparum infection among those sleeping under an ITN older than two years, compared to those using an ITN less than 2 years old (OR = 1.50; 95% CI 1.07–2.08). ITN integrity and number of individuals sharing an ITN were not associated with P. falciparum infection. Conclusions Older ITNs were associated with higher rates of P. falciparum in young children, which may indicate that insecticide concentrations play a larger role in infection prevention than the physical barrier of an ITN. ITN use was self-reported and the integrity measures lacked the precision of newer methods, suggesting a need for objective measures ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Liana R. Andronescu Andrea G. Buchwald Jenna E. Coalson Lauren Cohee Andy Bauleni Jenny A. Walldorf Chifundo Kandangwe Themba Mzilahowa Terrie E. Taylor Don P. Mathanga Miriam K. Laufer |
author_facet |
Liana R. Andronescu Andrea G. Buchwald Jenna E. Coalson Lauren Cohee Andy Bauleni Jenny A. Walldorf Chifundo Kandangwe Themba Mzilahowa Terrie E. Taylor Don P. Mathanga Miriam K. Laufer |
author_sort |
Liana R. Andronescu |
title |
Net age, but not integrity, may be associated with decreased protection against Plasmodium falciparum infection in southern Malawi |
title_short |
Net age, but not integrity, may be associated with decreased protection against Plasmodium falciparum infection in southern Malawi |
title_full |
Net age, but not integrity, may be associated with decreased protection against Plasmodium falciparum infection in southern Malawi |
title_fullStr |
Net age, but not integrity, may be associated with decreased protection against Plasmodium falciparum infection in southern Malawi |
title_full_unstemmed |
Net age, but not integrity, may be associated with decreased protection against Plasmodium falciparum infection in southern Malawi |
title_sort |
net age, but not integrity, may be associated with decreased protection against plasmodium falciparum infection in southern malawi |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2930-8 https://doaj.org/article/66edc83e8b1e4b75a9c5cb9b77b6d298 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2019) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-019-2930-8 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-019-2930-8 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/66edc83e8b1e4b75a9c5cb9b77b6d298 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2930-8 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1766347896280580096 |